Corneal nerves: structure, contents and function

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure, neurochemical content, and functions of corneal nerves, with special emphasis on human corneal nerves. A revised interpretation of human corneal nerve architecture is presented based on recent observations obtained by in vivo confocal m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental Eye Research 2003-05, Vol.76 (5), p.521-542
Main Authors: Müller, Linda J., Marfurt, Carl F., Kruse, Friedrich, Tervo, Timo M.T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
confocal microscopy
cornea
Cornea - innervation
Cornea - ultrastructure
dystrophy
electron microscopy
function
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
herpes
Humans
immunohistochemistry
innervation
Keratitis - etiology
LASIK
Microscopy, Confocal
Nerve Fibers - ultrastructure
Neuropeptides - physiology
Neurotransmitter Agents - physiology
PRK
review
Wound Healing
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Summary:This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure, neurochemical content, and functions of corneal nerves, with special emphasis on human corneal nerves. A revised interpretation of human corneal nerve architecture is presented based on recent observations obtained by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural analyses of serial-sectioned human corneas. Current data on the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide contents of corneal nerves are discussed, as are the mechanisms by which corneal neurochemicals and associated neurotrophins modulate corneal physiology, homeostasis and wound healing. The results of recent clinical studies of topically applied neuropeptides and neurotrophins to treat neurotrophic keratitis are reviewed. Recommendations for using IVCM to evaluate corneal nerves in health and disease are presented.
ISSN:0014-4835
1096-0007
DOI:10.1016/S0014-4835(03)00050-2