Apparent mechanism-based inhibition of human CYP3A in-vitro by lopinavir

• Published in: Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 2003-03, Vol.55 (3), p.381-386
• Main Authors: Weemhoff, James L., von Moltke, Lisa L., Richert, Clemens, Hesse, Leah M., Harmatz, Jerold S., Greenblatt, David J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - antagonists & inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Enzyme Inhibitors; GABA Modulators - metabolism; HIV Protease Inhibitors - pharmacology; Humans; Hydroxylation; In Vitro Techniques; Isoenzymes - antagonists & inhibitors; Ketoconazole - pharmacology; Lopinavir; Microsomes, Liver - drug effects; Microsomes, Liver - enzymology; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating - antagonists & inhibitors; Pyrimidinones - pharmacology; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Triazolam - metabolism; Troleandomycin - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0022-3573; 2042-7158
• DOI: 10.1211/002235702739

ABSTRACT The influence of the viral protease inhibitor lopinavir on the activity of six human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was evaluated in a model system using human liver microsomes. Column chromatography methodology was developed to separate lopinavir from ritonavir starting from the commercially available lopinavir‐ritonavir combination dosage form. Lopinavir produced negligible or weak inhibition of human CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6. However, lopinavir was an inhibitor of CYP3A. At 250 μM triazolam (the CYP3A index substrate), the mean (± s.e., n = 4) IC50 versus triazolam α‐hydroxylation (where IC50 is the concentration producing a 50% decrement in reaction velocity) was 7.3 (± 0.5) μM. Pre‐incubation of lopinavir with microsomes prior to addition of triazolam yielded a significantly lower IC50 of 4.1 (± 0.5) μM. This is consistent with mechanism‐based inhibition of human CYP3A by lopinavir. Although lopinavir is less potent than ritonavir as an inhibitor of CYP3A, lopinavir is nonetheless likely to contribute to net CYP3A inhibition in‐vivo during treatment with the lopinavir‐ritonavir combination.