Man-Made Transients Observed by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission Satellite

Since launch in early 1980 the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) onboard the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite has monitored the sun at gamma-ray energies. In addition to observations of solar flares, cosmic gamma-ray bursts, and precipitating radiation belt electrons, the instrument has detected a n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 1989-04, Vol.244 (4903), p.441-444
Main Authors: Rieger, Erich, Vestrand, W. Thomas, Forrest, David J., Chupp, Edward L., Kanbach, Gottfried, Reppin, Claus
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Artificial satellites
Astronautics (General)
Astronomical and space-research instrumentation
Astronomy
Charged particles
Earth, ocean, space
Electrons
Energy bands
Exact sciences and technology
Fundamental astronomy and astrophysics. Instrumentation, techniques, and astronomical observations
Gamma ray bursts
Gamma ray spectrometry
Gamma rays
Identification and classification
Line spectra
Nuclear energy
Photons
Positrons
Radiation sources
Satellites
Satellites (Spacecraft)
Solar flares
Sun
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Summary:Since launch in early 1980 the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) onboard the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite has monitored the sun at gamma-ray energies. In addition to observations of solar flares, cosmic gamma-ray bursts, and precipitating radiation belt electrons, the instrument has detected a new class of high-energy transient events that cannot be attributed to any of these phenomena. The duration of these transients can range from 1 second to more than 10 minutes. The average event rate between 1980 and 1986 was about five per month. However, in February 1987 this rate increased by more than a factor of 25 and continued at this high level until June 1988. These transients can be subdivided into three classes: (i) 0.511-megaelectron volt annihilation line events, (ii) particle events, and (iii) broad-band photon continuum-like events. Evidence is presented that these transients are not of natural origin. It is found that the most likely sources of these events are reactors in earth orbiting satellites. Apart from the threat these reactors pose upon accidental reentry, the reactor-generated transients may have a deleterious effect on cosmic observations obtained with gamma-ray detectors in low earth orbit.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.244.4903.441