Record of Volcanism Since 7000 B.C. from the GISP2 Greenland Ice Core and Implications for the Volcano-Climate System

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 1994-05, Vol.264 (5161), p.948-952
• Main Authors: Zielinski, G. A., Mayewski, P. A., Meeker, L. D., Whitlow, S., Twickler, M. S., Morrison, M., Meese, D. A., Gow, A. J., Alley, R. B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerosols; Climate models; Crystalline rocks; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Environmental aspects; Exact sciences and technology; Ice cores; Ice sheets; Igneous and metamorphic rocks petrology, volcanic processes, magmas; Marine and continental quaternary; Northern hemisphere; Paleoclimatology; Sulfur; Surficial geology; Volcanic eruptions; Volcanic explosivity index; Volcanism; Volcanology
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.264.5161.948

Sulfate concentrations from continuous biyearly sampling of the GISP2 Greenland ice core provide a record of potential climate-forcing volcanism since 7000 B.C. Although 85 percent of the events recorded over the last 2000 years were matched to documented volcanic eruptions, only about 30 percent of the events from 1 to 7000 B.C. were matched to such events. Several historic eruptions may have been greater sulfur producers than previously thought. There are three times as many events from 5000 to 7000 B.C. as over the last two millennia with sulfate deposition equal to or up to five times that of the largest known historical eruptions. This increased volcanism in the early Holocene may have contributed to climatic cooling.