The effect of high-energy extracorporeal shock waves on hyaline cartilage of adult rats in vivo

The aim of this study was to determine if extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in vivo affects the structural integrity of articular cartilage. A single bout of ESWT (1500 shock waves of 0.5 mJ/mm2) was applied to femoral heads of 18 adult Sprague–Dawley rats. Two sham‐treated animals served as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of orthopaedic research 2010-08, Vol.28 (8), p.1050-1056
Main Authors: Mayer-Wagner, Susanne, Ernst, Judith, Maier, Markus, Chiquet, Matthias, Joos, Helga, Müller, Peter E., Jansson, Volkmar, Sievers, Birte, Hausdorf, Jörg
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
cartilage
Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1
Collagen Type II - biosynthesis
degeneration
ESWT
Extracellular Matrix Proteins - biosynthesis
Femur Head - diagnostic imaging
Femur Head - ultrastructure
Glycoproteins - biosynthesis
High-Energy Shock Waves
Hyaline Cartilage - metabolism
in vivo
Male
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Radiography
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
shock wave
Tenascin - genetics
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Summary:The aim of this study was to determine if extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in vivo affects the structural integrity of articular cartilage. A single bout of ESWT (1500 shock waves of 0.5 mJ/mm2) was applied to femoral heads of 18 adult Sprague–Dawley rats. Two sham‐treated animals served as controls. Cartilage of each femoral head was harvested at 1, 4, or 10 weeks after ESWT (n = 6 per treatment group) and scored on safranin‐O‐stained sections. Expression of tenascin‐C and chitinase 3‐like protein 1 (Chi3L1) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine collagen (II)α1 (COL2A1) expression and chondrocyte morphology was investigated by transmission electron microscopy no changes in Mankin scores were observed after ESWT. Positive immunostaining for tenascin‐C and Chi3L1 was found up to 10 weeks after ESWT in experimental but not in control cartilage. COL2A1 mRNA was increased in samples 1 and 4 weeks after ESWT. Alterations found on the ultrastructural level showed expansion of the rough‐surfaced endoplasmatic reticulum, detachment of the cell membrane and necrotic chondrocytes. Extracorporeal shock waves caused alterations of hyaline cartilage on a molecular and ultrastructural level that were distinctly different from control. Similar changes were described before in the very early phase of osteoarthritis (OA). High‐energy ESWT might therefore cause degenerative changes in hyaline cartilage as they are found in initial OA. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1050–1056, 2010
ISSN:0736-0266
1554-527X
DOI:10.1002/jor.21074