Imaging of coronary atherosclerosis by computed tomography

Modern computed tomography (CT) systems afford sufficient spatial and temporal resolution for imaging of the heart and coronary arteries. The detection of coronary artery calcium (CAC) is relatively straightforward and it is applied to detect and quantify subclinical coronary atherosclerosis even in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European heart journal 2010-06, Vol.31 (12), p.1442-1448
Main Authors: Achenbach, Stephan, Raggi, Paolo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)
Biological and medical sciences
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Calcinosis - diagnostic imaging
Cardiology. Vascular system
Computed tomography
Coronary Angiography - methods
Coronary Artery Disease - diagnostic imaging
Coronary calcium
Coronary heart disease
Coronary Stenosis - diagnostic imaging
Heart
Humans
Medical sciences
Plaque
Sensitivity and Specificity
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Summary:Modern computed tomography (CT) systems afford sufficient spatial and temporal resolution for imaging of the heart and coronary arteries. The detection of coronary artery calcium (CAC) is relatively straightforward and it is applied to detect and quantify subclinical coronary atherosclerosis even in asymptomatic individuals. A large body of evidence has accumulated that uniformly attests to a high predictive value of CAC for future cardiac events. More complex data acquisition protocols, which require higher spatial and temporal resolution, specific patient preparation, and the intravenous injection of contrast agent, allow to perform coronary CT angiography (CTA). With CTA, the presence of luminal stenoses and, given sufficient image quality, calcified as well as non-calcified atherosclerotic plaque can be visualized. Initial studies have shown that certain plaque characteristics, such as positive remodelling or very low CT attenuation, are associated with plaque vulnerability. So far, the available clinical data are not sufficient to draw specific conclusions as to the risk–benefit ratio of contrast-enhanced coronary CTA for risk prediction, especially for asymptomatic individuals. Hence, CTA is currently not recommended for risk stratification purposes. However, the technology of coronary CTA continues to evolve at a rapid pace and clinical applications for plaque imaging and characterization may become possible in the future.
ISSN:0195-668X
1522-9645
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq150