Milk production by mothers of premature infants: influence of cigarette smoking

The volume of milk produced by mothers who smoked cigarettes (n = 11) and control subjects who did not smoke (n = 29) was compared after the delivery of their preterm infants (28 to 32 weeks gestation). Milk production was significantly less among those who smoked, with or without adjusting for age,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatrics (Evanston) 1992-12, Vol.90 (6), p.934-938
Main Authors: Hopkinson, J.M. (USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX), Schanler, R.J, Fraley, J.K, Garza, C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
BEBES
Biological and medical sciences
Breast milk
Complications
COMPOSICION QUIMICA
COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE
CORPS GRAS
Delivery. Postpartum. Lactation
DIETA
Disorders
ENFANT EN BAS AGE
Female
FEMME
Food and nutrition
GRASAS
Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics
Humans
Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
Infants (Premature)
LACTACION
LACTATION
Measurement
Medical sciences
Milk, Human - chemistry
MUJERES
Physiological aspects
Premature infants
PREMATURITE
PREMATURO
REGIME ALIMENTAIRE
Smoking
Smoking and women
TABAC
TABACO
VALEUR NUTRITIVE
VALOR NUTRITIVO
VOLUME
VOLUMEN
Women smokers
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Summary:The volume of milk produced by mothers who smoked cigarettes (n = 11) and control subjects who did not smoke (n = 29) was compared after the delivery of their preterm infants (28 to 32 weeks gestation). Milk production was significantly less among those who smoked, with or without adjusting for age, race, parity, gravidity, weight-for-height, prior nursing experience, customary alcohol and caffeine intake, infant birth weight, and pumping frequency. Each mother maintained her milk production using an electrical breast pump and without the stimulus of her infant suckling at the breast. Daily frequency and duration of breast pump usage were similar in the two groups. At 2 weeks postpartum, 24-hour milk volumes were 406 +/- 262 mL for mothers who smoked and 514 +/- 338 mL for control subjects. Between 2 to 4 weeks postpartum, the mean change in 24-hour milk volume (milliliters per 24 hours) of control subjects increased (+113 +/- 179 mL, P 0.005), whereas milk volume of mothers who smoked cigarettes remained unchanged (-47 +/- 122 mL, P
ISSN:0031-4005
1098-4275
DOI:10.1542/peds.90.6.934