Regulation of lymphocyte development and activation by the LAT family of adapter proteins

Transmembrane adapter proteins (TRAPs) are critical components of signaling pathways in lymphocytes, linking antigen receptor engagement to downstream cellular processes. While these proteins lack intrinsic enzymatic activity, their phosphorylation following receptor ligation allows them to function...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunological reviews 2009-11, Vol.232 (1), p.72-83
Main Authors: Fuller, Deirdre M, Zhang, Weiguo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adapter proteins
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - immunology
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - metabolism
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport - immunology
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport - metabolism
Animals
autoimmunity
Feedback, Physiological
Humans
Immunity, Cellular
Lymphocyte Activation
Membrane Proteins - immunology
Membrane Proteins - metabolism
protein kinases/phosphatases
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - metabolism
signal transduction
Signal Transduction - immunology
signaling proteins
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Summary:Transmembrane adapter proteins (TRAPs) are critical components of signaling pathways in lymphocytes, linking antigen receptor engagement to downstream cellular processes. While these proteins lack intrinsic enzymatic activity, their phosphorylation following receptor ligation allows them to function as scaffolds for the assembly of multi-molecular signaling complexes. Many TRAPs have recently been discovered, and numerous studies demonstrate their roles in the positive and negative regulation of lymphocyte maturation, activation, and differentiation. One such example is the linker for activation of T cells (LAT) family of adapter proteins. While LAT has been shown to play an indispensable role in T-cell and mast cell function, the other family members, linker for activation of B cells (LAB) and linker for activation of X cells (LAX), are necessary to fine-tune immune responses. In addition to its well-established role in the positive regulation of lymphocyte activation, LAT exerts an inhibitory effect on T-cell receptor-mediated signaling. Furthermore, LAT, along with LAB and LAX, plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining tolerance. Here, we review recent data concerning the regulation of lymphocyte development and activation by the LAT family of proteins.
ISSN:0105-2896
1600-065X
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00828.x