Highly Sensitive and Selective Poly(vinyl chloride)-Membrane Potentiometric Sensors Based on a Calix[4]arene Derivative for 2-Furaldehyde

• Published in: Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2009-08, Vol.81 (16), p.6789-6796
• Main Authors: Shamsipur, Mojtaba, Miran Beigi, Ali Akbar, Teymouri, Mohammad, Rasoolipour, Solmaz, Asfari, Zouhair
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis methods; Analytical chemistry; Applied sciences; Calixarenes - chemistry; Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemical methods; Electrochemistry; Exact sciences and technology; Furaldehyde - chemistry; General, instrumentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Limit of Detection; Membranes, Artificial; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Natural water pollution; Phenols - chemistry; Pollution; Spectrometric and optical methods; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Water treatment and pollution
• ISSN: 0003-2700; 1520-6882
• DOI: 10.1021/ac900920u

A 2-furaldehyde-selective PVC-membrane electrode is designed based on the host−guest interaction between tetrabenzyl ether Calix[4]arene, as an ionophore, and a lipophilic hydrazone derivative generated in situ from reaction of 2-furaldehyde and Girard’s reagent T. At a pH of 9.2, the electrode exhibits a Nernstian response over the 2-furaldehyde concentration range of (5.0 × 10−5)−(1.0 × 10−1) M. The electrode has found to be chemically inert and of adequate stability with a response time of 15 s with a good reproducibility (±0.2 mV) and can be used for a long working lifetime. In order to improve the minimum detectable concentration of 2-furaldehyde, further studies have been performed using a coated graphite electrode and coated platinum and gold disks. Some analytical aspects of adsorptive square wave voltammetry have also been presented in order to elucidate the adduct formation between 2-furaldehyde and Girard’s reagent T. The interfering effects of some Na+, K+, NH4 +, formaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethyl 2-furaldehyde (HMF), excess of Girard’s reagent T and organic solvents such as isopropyl alcohol and N,N-dimethylformamide on the sensor’s response have been studied. The viability of using the electrode for the trace determination of 2-furaldehyde in several Iranian oil refinery wastewater samples is also demonstrated. The results obtained from the developed method for real samples are compared with those from UV-spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic experiments.