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Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size

The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of luteal blood flow (LBF) as recorded by color Doppler sonography to monitor luteal function during the estrous cycle of dairy cows and to compare the results with that for the established criterion luteal size (LS) as determined by B-mode s...

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Published in:Theriogenology 2010-03, Vol.73 (5), p.691-697
Main Authors: Herzog, K., Brockhan-Lüdemann, M., Kaske, M., Beindorff, N., Paul, V., Niemann, H., Bollwein, H.
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-cfdd9181a5ffee1b70ae0ebdbe72ce309a65296e7912e0554592e73276e1c5f3
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container_title Theriogenology
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description The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of luteal blood flow (LBF) as recorded by color Doppler sonography to monitor luteal function during the estrous cycle of dairy cows and to compare the results with that for the established criterion luteal size (LS) as determined by B-mode sonography. In total, 14 consecutive sonographic examinations were carried out in 10 synchronized lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus) on Days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1 of the estrous cycle (Day 1 = ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P 4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by calculating the maximum colored area of the CL from power Doppler sonographic images. Luteal size doubled during the luteal growth phase (until Day 7) and remained at this level during the luteal static phase (Day 8 to 16) before decreasing rather slowly during luteal regression (Days –5 to –1). Luteal blood flow doubled during the growth phase, doubled furthermore during the static phase, and decreased rapidly during luteal regression. Thus, LBF values represented highly reliable predictors of luteal status. Luteal blood flow predicted reliably a P 4 > 1.0 ng/mL by reaching only 35% of the maximal values, whereas LS had to exceed 60% of the maximal values to indicate reliably a functional CL. It is concluded that LBF reflected luteal function better than LS specifically during luteal regression.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.016
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In total, 14 consecutive sonographic examinations were carried out in 10 synchronized lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus) on Days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1 of the estrous cycle (Day 1 = ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P 4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by calculating the maximum colored area of the CL from power Doppler sonographic images. Luteal size doubled during the luteal growth phase (until Day 7) and remained at this level during the luteal static phase (Day 8 to 16) before decreasing rather slowly during luteal regression (Days –5 to –1). Luteal blood flow doubled during the growth phase, doubled furthermore during the static phase, and decreased rapidly during luteal regression. Thus, LBF values represented highly reliable predictors of luteal status. 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It is concluded that LBF reflected luteal function better than LS specifically during luteal regression.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomarkers - analysis</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>blood flow</subject><subject>blood plasma</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Corpus luteum</subject><subject>Corpus Luteum - anatomy &amp; histology</subject><subject>Corpus Luteum - blood supply</subject><subject>Corpus Luteum - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Corpus Luteum - physiology</subject><subject>Cow</subject><subject>dairy cows</subject><subject>Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological - veterinary</subject><subject>Doppler sonography</subject><subject>Estrous cycle</subject><subject>Estrous Cycle - blood</subject><subject>Estrous Cycle - physiology</subject><subject>Estrus Synchronization - methods</subject><subject>Estrus Synchronization - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Holstein</subject><subject>Luteal blood flow</subject><subject>Luteinization - blood</subject><subject>Luteinization - physiology</subject><subject>Luteolysis - blood</subject><subject>Luteolysis - physiology</subject><subject>Organ Size - physiology</subject><subject>ovulation</subject><subject>Progesterone</subject><subject>Progesterone - blood</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>ultrasonography</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - methods</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - veterinary</subject><issn>0093-691X</issn><issn>1879-3231</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkEFvEzEQhS0EomngL4APSJx28djZ3VjigiraIkXi0FbiZnntcXDkrIO9GxR-fR1ti8SNg-3De2_85iPkA7AaGLSfdvX4E5OPWxxiiNtTzRmTNUBdxBdkAetOVoILeEkWRRBVK-HHBbnMeccYE20Lr8lFiXTnYQty3Ewj6kD7EKOlLsTf1Geq6T4mpPpwSPGQvB6R-sF6o8eYqCsnzCk3DWb0caB2Sn7Y0tKM9vHoB6SYxxSnTM3JBCyCHp5D2f_BN-SV0yHj26d3Se6vv95f3Vab7zffrr5sKrPqmrEyzloJa9CNc4jQd0wjw9722HGDgkndNly22EngyJpm1UiOneBdi2AaJ5bk4zy27PFrKpXU3meDIegBSznVCdEIYOVaks-z06SYc0Knyt57nU4KmDqjUjv1L3d15q4AVBFL_N3TR1O_R_s3_Ay6GN7PBqej0tvks3q44wwEgzVbyTUvjuvZgYXH0WNS2XgcDFqf0IzKRv9_XR4B73-pJg</recordid><startdate>20100315</startdate><enddate>20100315</enddate><creator>Herzog, K.</creator><creator>Brockhan-Lüdemann, M.</creator><creator>Kaske, M.</creator><creator>Beindorff, N.</creator><creator>Paul, V.</creator><creator>Niemann, H.</creator><creator>Bollwein, H.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>[Oxford]: Butterworth-Heinemann; 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In total, 14 consecutive sonographic examinations were carried out in 10 synchronized lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus) on Days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1 of the estrous cycle (Day 1 = ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P 4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by calculating the maximum colored area of the CL from power Doppler sonographic images. Luteal size doubled during the luteal growth phase (until Day 7) and remained at this level during the luteal static phase (Day 8 to 16) before decreasing rather slowly during luteal regression (Days –5 to –1). Luteal blood flow doubled during the growth phase, doubled furthermore during the static phase, and decreased rapidly during luteal regression. Thus, LBF values represented highly reliable predictors of luteal status. Luteal blood flow predicted reliably a P 4 &gt; 1.0 ng/mL by reaching only 35% of the maximal values, whereas LS had to exceed 60% of the maximal values to indicate reliably a functional CL. It is concluded that LBF reflected luteal function better than LS specifically during luteal regression.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>20071016</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.016</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Animals
Biomarkers - analysis
Biomarkers - blood
blood flow
blood plasma
Cattle
Corpus luteum
Corpus Luteum - anatomy & histology
Corpus Luteum - blood supply
Corpus Luteum - diagnostic imaging
Corpus Luteum - physiology
Cow
dairy cows
Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological - veterinary
Doppler sonography
Estrous cycle
Estrous Cycle - blood
Estrous Cycle - physiology
Estrus Synchronization - methods
Estrus Synchronization - physiology
Female
Holstein
Luteal blood flow
Luteinization - blood
Luteinization - physiology
Luteolysis - blood
Luteolysis - physiology
Organ Size - physiology
ovulation
Progesterone
Progesterone - blood
Regional Blood Flow - physiology
Sensitivity and Specificity
ultrasonography
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - methods
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - veterinary
title Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size
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