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Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size
The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of luteal blood flow (LBF) as recorded by color Doppler sonography to monitor luteal function during the estrous cycle of dairy cows and to compare the results with that for the established criterion luteal size (LS) as determined by B-mode s...
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Published in: | Theriogenology 2010-03, Vol.73 (5), p.691-697 |
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description | The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of luteal blood flow (LBF) as recorded by color Doppler sonography to monitor luteal function during the estrous cycle of dairy cows and to compare the results with that for the established criterion luteal size (LS) as determined by B-mode sonography. In total, 14 consecutive sonographic examinations were carried out in 10 synchronized lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus) on Days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1 of the estrous cycle (Day 1
=
ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P
4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by calculating the maximum colored area of the CL from power Doppler sonographic images. Luteal size doubled during the luteal growth phase (until Day 7) and remained at this level during the luteal static phase (Day 8 to 16) before decreasing rather slowly during luteal regression (Days –5 to –1). Luteal blood flow doubled during the growth phase, doubled furthermore during the static phase, and decreased rapidly during luteal regression. Thus, LBF values represented highly reliable predictors of luteal status. Luteal blood flow predicted reliably a P
4
>
1.0 ng/mL by reaching only 35% of the maximal values, whereas LS had to exceed 60% of the maximal values to indicate reliably a functional CL. It is concluded that LBF reflected luteal function better than LS specifically during luteal regression. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.016 |
format | article |
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=
ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P
4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by calculating the maximum colored area of the CL from power Doppler sonographic images. Luteal size doubled during the luteal growth phase (until Day 7) and remained at this level during the luteal static phase (Day 8 to 16) before decreasing rather slowly during luteal regression (Days –5 to –1). Luteal blood flow doubled during the growth phase, doubled furthermore during the static phase, and decreased rapidly during luteal regression. Thus, LBF values represented highly reliable predictors of luteal status. Luteal blood flow predicted reliably a P
4
>
1.0 ng/mL by reaching only 35% of the maximal values, whereas LS had to exceed 60% of the maximal values to indicate reliably a functional CL. It is concluded that LBF reflected luteal function better than LS specifically during luteal regression.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0093-691X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3231</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20071016</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biomarkers - analysis ; Biomarkers - blood ; blood flow ; blood plasma ; Cattle ; Corpus luteum ; Corpus Luteum - anatomy & histology ; Corpus Luteum - blood supply ; Corpus Luteum - diagnostic imaging ; Corpus Luteum - physiology ; Cow ; dairy cows ; Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological - veterinary ; Doppler sonography ; Estrous cycle ; Estrous Cycle - blood ; Estrous Cycle - physiology ; Estrus Synchronization - methods ; Estrus Synchronization - physiology ; Female ; Holstein ; Luteal blood flow ; Luteinization - blood ; Luteinization - physiology ; Luteolysis - blood ; Luteolysis - physiology ; Organ Size - physiology ; ovulation ; Progesterone ; Progesterone - blood ; Regional Blood Flow - physiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - methods ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - veterinary</subject><ispartof>Theriogenology, 2010-03, Vol.73 (5), p.691-697</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-cfdd9181a5ffee1b70ae0ebdbe72ce309a65296e7912e0554592e73276e1c5f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-cfdd9181a5ffee1b70ae0ebdbe72ce309a65296e7912e0554592e73276e1c5f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20071016$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Herzog, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brockhan-Lüdemann, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaske, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beindorff, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paul, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niemann, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bollwein, H.</creatorcontrib><title>Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size</title><title>Theriogenology</title><addtitle>Theriogenology</addtitle><description>The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of luteal blood flow (LBF) as recorded by color Doppler sonography to monitor luteal function during the estrous cycle of dairy cows and to compare the results with that for the established criterion luteal size (LS) as determined by B-mode sonography. In total, 14 consecutive sonographic examinations were carried out in 10 synchronized lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus) on Days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1 of the estrous cycle (Day 1
=
ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P
4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by calculating the maximum colored area of the CL from power Doppler sonographic images. Luteal size doubled during the luteal growth phase (until Day 7) and remained at this level during the luteal static phase (Day 8 to 16) before decreasing rather slowly during luteal regression (Days –5 to –1). Luteal blood flow doubled during the growth phase, doubled furthermore during the static phase, and decreased rapidly during luteal regression. Thus, LBF values represented highly reliable predictors of luteal status. Luteal blood flow predicted reliably a P
4
>
1.0 ng/mL by reaching only 35% of the maximal values, whereas LS had to exceed 60% of the maximal values to indicate reliably a functional CL. It is concluded that LBF reflected luteal function better than LS specifically during luteal regression.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomarkers - analysis</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>blood flow</subject><subject>blood plasma</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Corpus luteum</subject><subject>Corpus Luteum - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Corpus Luteum - blood supply</subject><subject>Corpus Luteum - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Corpus Luteum - physiology</subject><subject>Cow</subject><subject>dairy cows</subject><subject>Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological - veterinary</subject><subject>Doppler sonography</subject><subject>Estrous cycle</subject><subject>Estrous Cycle - blood</subject><subject>Estrous Cycle - physiology</subject><subject>Estrus Synchronization - methods</subject><subject>Estrus Synchronization - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Holstein</subject><subject>Luteal blood flow</subject><subject>Luteinization - blood</subject><subject>Luteinization - physiology</subject><subject>Luteolysis - blood</subject><subject>Luteolysis - physiology</subject><subject>Organ Size - physiology</subject><subject>ovulation</subject><subject>Progesterone</subject><subject>Progesterone - blood</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>ultrasonography</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - methods</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - veterinary</subject><issn>0093-691X</issn><issn>1879-3231</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkEFvEzEQhS0EomngL4APSJx28djZ3VjigiraIkXi0FbiZnntcXDkrIO9GxR-fR1ti8SNg-3De2_85iPkA7AaGLSfdvX4E5OPWxxiiNtTzRmTNUBdxBdkAetOVoILeEkWRRBVK-HHBbnMeccYE20Lr8lFiXTnYQty3Ewj6kD7EKOlLsTf1Geq6T4mpPpwSPGQvB6R-sF6o8eYqCsnzCk3DWb0caB2Sn7Y0tKM9vHoB6SYxxSnTM3JBCyCHp5D2f_BN-SV0yHj26d3Se6vv95f3Vab7zffrr5sKrPqmrEyzloJa9CNc4jQd0wjw9722HGDgkndNly22EngyJpm1UiOneBdi2AaJ5bk4zy27PFrKpXU3meDIegBSznVCdEIYOVaks-z06SYc0Knyt57nU4KmDqjUjv1L3d15q4AVBFL_N3TR1O_R_s3_Ay6GN7PBqej0tvks3q44wwEgzVbyTUvjuvZgYXH0WNS2XgcDFqf0IzKRv9_XR4B73-pJg</recordid><startdate>20100315</startdate><enddate>20100315</enddate><creator>Herzog, K.</creator><creator>Brockhan-Lüdemann, M.</creator><creator>Kaske, M.</creator><creator>Beindorff, N.</creator><creator>Paul, V.</creator><creator>Niemann, H.</creator><creator>Bollwein, H.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>[Oxford]: Butterworth-Heinemann; [New York]: Elsevier Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100315</creationdate><title>Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size</title><author>Herzog, K. ; Brockhan-Lüdemann, M. ; Kaske, M. ; Beindorff, N. ; Paul, V. ; Niemann, H. ; Bollwein, H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-cfdd9181a5ffee1b70ae0ebdbe72ce309a65296e7912e0554592e73276e1c5f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomarkers - analysis</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>blood flow</topic><topic>blood plasma</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Corpus luteum</topic><topic>Corpus Luteum - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Corpus Luteum - blood supply</topic><topic>Corpus Luteum - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Corpus Luteum - physiology</topic><topic>Cow</topic><topic>dairy cows</topic><topic>Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological - veterinary</topic><topic>Doppler sonography</topic><topic>Estrous cycle</topic><topic>Estrous Cycle - blood</topic><topic>Estrous Cycle - physiology</topic><topic>Estrus Synchronization - methods</topic><topic>Estrus Synchronization - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Holstein</topic><topic>Luteal blood flow</topic><topic>Luteinization - blood</topic><topic>Luteinization - physiology</topic><topic>Luteolysis - blood</topic><topic>Luteolysis - physiology</topic><topic>Organ Size - physiology</topic><topic>ovulation</topic><topic>Progesterone</topic><topic>Progesterone - blood</topic><topic>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>ultrasonography</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - methods</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - veterinary</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Herzog, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brockhan-Lüdemann, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaske, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beindorff, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paul, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niemann, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bollwein, H.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Theriogenology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Herzog, K.</au><au>Brockhan-Lüdemann, M.</au><au>Kaske, M.</au><au>Beindorff, N.</au><au>Paul, V.</au><au>Niemann, H.</au><au>Bollwein, H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size</atitle><jtitle>Theriogenology</jtitle><addtitle>Theriogenology</addtitle><date>2010-03-15</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>691</spage><epage>697</epage><pages>691-697</pages><issn>0093-691X</issn><eissn>1879-3231</eissn><abstract>The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of luteal blood flow (LBF) as recorded by color Doppler sonography to monitor luteal function during the estrous cycle of dairy cows and to compare the results with that for the established criterion luteal size (LS) as determined by B-mode sonography. In total, 14 consecutive sonographic examinations were carried out in 10 synchronized lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus) on Days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1 of the estrous cycle (Day 1
=
ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P
4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by calculating the maximum colored area of the CL from power Doppler sonographic images. Luteal size doubled during the luteal growth phase (until Day 7) and remained at this level during the luteal static phase (Day 8 to 16) before decreasing rather slowly during luteal regression (Days –5 to –1). Luteal blood flow doubled during the growth phase, doubled furthermore during the static phase, and decreased rapidly during luteal regression. Thus, LBF values represented highly reliable predictors of luteal status. Luteal blood flow predicted reliably a P
4
>
1.0 ng/mL by reaching only 35% of the maximal values, whereas LS had to exceed 60% of the maximal values to indicate reliably a functional CL. It is concluded that LBF reflected luteal function better than LS specifically during luteal regression.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>20071016</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.016</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Biomarkers - analysis Biomarkers - blood blood flow blood plasma Cattle Corpus luteum Corpus Luteum - anatomy & histology Corpus Luteum - blood supply Corpus Luteum - diagnostic imaging Corpus Luteum - physiology Cow dairy cows Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological - veterinary Doppler sonography Estrous cycle Estrous Cycle - blood Estrous Cycle - physiology Estrus Synchronization - methods Estrus Synchronization - physiology Female Holstein Luteal blood flow Luteinization - blood Luteinization - physiology Luteolysis - blood Luteolysis - physiology Organ Size - physiology ovulation Progesterone Progesterone - blood Regional Blood Flow - physiology Sensitivity and Specificity ultrasonography Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - methods Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color - veterinary |
title | Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size |
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