The effect of daily repeated sedation using ketamine or ketamine combined with medetomidine on physiology and anesthetic characteristics in Rhesus Macaques

Background  Non‐human primates are frequently sedated to permit handling that can alter physiological values. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of daily serial sedation using ketamine (K) or ketamine combined with medetomidine (KM). We hypothesized KM would reduce observed effect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical primatology 2010-02, Vol.39 (1), p.50-57
Main Authors: Settle, T.L., Rico, P.J., Lugo-Roman, L.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists - administration & dosage
Anesthesia - methods
Anesthesia - veterinary
Anesthetics, Dissociative - administration & dosage
Animals
Blood Pressure - physiology
Body Temperature - physiology
Body Weight - physiology
Conscious Sedation - methods
Conscious Sedation - standards
Conscious Sedation - veterinary
Cross-Over Studies
drug tolerance
Female
heart rate
Heart Rate - physiology
Hemoglobins - analysis
Ketamine - administration & dosage
Macaca mulatta - physiology
Male
Medetomidine - administration & dosage
monkey
non-human primate
Oximetry - veterinary
phencyclidine
Random Allocation
righting reflex
Sedation
α2-adrenoceptor agonist
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Summary:Background  Non‐human primates are frequently sedated to permit handling that can alter physiological values. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of daily serial sedation using ketamine (K) or ketamine combined with medetomidine (KM). We hypothesized KM would reduce observed effects of repeated sedation. Methods  Eight rhesus macaques were anesthetized for three consecutive days. Physiological data were recorded daily at 5‐minute intervals. Time intervals from injection to ataxia, recumbency, first movement and recovery were recorded. Depth of anesthesia was evaluated. Results  Data showed an 11.7% increased heart rate at 5 minutes between the first and third day of injection with K and 17.9% with KM. Time from injection to ataxia increased 13.7% with K and 14.3% with KM. Time to recumbency increased 34.7% with K and 37.1% with KM. Conclusion  These findings demonstrate repeated anesthesia with ketamine can initiate changes suggesting a tolerance effect.
ISSN:0047-2565
1600-0684
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00393.x