The Role of the High-Density Lipoprotein Receptor SR-BI in the Lipid Metabolism of Endocrine and Other Tissues

• Published in: Endocrine reviews 2003-06, Vol.24 (3), p.357-387
• Main Authors: Rigotti, Attilio, Miettinen, Helena E, Krieger, Monty
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Biological and medical sciences; CD36 Antigens - chemistry; CD36 Antigens - metabolism; Cell culture; Cell receptors; Cell structures and functions; Cholesterol; Density; Endocrine Glands - metabolism; Endocytosis; Erythrocytes; Esters; Fertility; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hepatocytes; High density lipoprotein; Hormone receptors. Growth factor receptors. Cytokine receptors. Prostaglandin receptors; Hormones; Humans; Ligands; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins - metabolism; Liver; Lysosomes; Membrane Proteins; Metabolism; Molecular and cellular biology; Molecular Structure; Nitric oxide; Receptor density; Receptors; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Lipoprotein; Receptors, Scavenger; Scavenger receptors; Scavenger Receptors, Class B; Steroid hormones; Subcellular Fractions - metabolism; Synthesis; Tissue Distribution; Tocopherol
• ISSN: 0163-769X; 1945-7189
• DOI: 10.1210/er.2001-0037

Because cholesterol is a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones, steroidogenic tissues have evolved multiple pathways to ensure adequate supplies of cholesterol. These include synthesis, storage as cholesteryl esters, and import from lipoproteins. In addition to endocytosis via members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily, steroidogenic cells acquire cholesterol from lipoproteins by selective lipid uptake. This pathway, which does not involve lysosomal degradation of the lipoprotein, is mediated by the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). SR-BI is highly expressed in steroidogenic cells, where its expression is regulated by various trophic hormones, as well as in the liver. Studies of genetically manipulated strains of mice have established that SR-BI plays a key role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol transport to steroidogenic tissues and to the liver for biliary secretion. In addition, analysis of SR-BI-deficient mice has shown that SR-BI expression is important for α-tocopherol and nitric oxide metabolism, as well as normal red blood cell maturation and female fertility. These mouse models have also revealed that SR-BI can protect against atherosclerosis. If SR-BI plays similar physiological and pathophysiological roles in humans, it may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular and reproductive diseases.