Intrauterine inoculation of seronegative heifers with bovine viral diarrhea virus concurrent with transfer of in vivo–derived bovine embryos

• Published in: Theriogenology 2010-05, Vol.73 (8), p.1009-1017
• Main Authors: Gard, J.A., Givens, M.D., Marley, M.S.D., Galik, P.K., Riddell, K.P., Edmondson, M.A., Rodning, S.P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abortion, Veterinary - etiology; Abortion, Veterinary - virology; Administration, Intravaginal; Animals; bovine viral diarrhea; Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - blood; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - pathology; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - physiopathology; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - transmission; BVDV; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; dams (mothers); Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral - physiology; disease transmission; disease vectors; embryo (animal); Embryo Culture Techniques; Embryo Implantation - physiology; Embryo Loss - etiology; Embryo Loss - veterinary; Embryo Loss - virology; Embryo transfer; Embryo Transfer - methods; Embryo, Mammalian; epidemiological studies; Female; heifers; In vivo–derived embryos; inoculum; intrauterine administration; Male; maternal-fetal transfer; pathogenesis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; risk assessment; seroconversion; Serologic Tests - veterinary; Uterus - virology; viremia
• ISSN: 0093-691X; 1879-3231
• DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.022

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been shown to be associated with single transferable in vivo–derived bovine embryos despite washing and trypsin treatment. Hence, the primary objective was to evaluate the potential of BVDV to be transmitted via the intrauterine route at the time of embryo transfer. In vivo–derived bovine embryos (n = 10) were nonsurgically collected from a single Bos tarus donor cow negative for BVDV. After collection and washing, embryos were placed into transfer media containing BVDV (SD-1; Type 1a). Each of the 10 embryos was individually loaded into an 0.25-mL straw, which was then nonsurgically transferred into the uterus of 1 of the 10 seronegative recipients on Day 0. The total quantity of virus transferred into the uterus of each of the 10 Bos tarus recipients was 878 cell culture infective doses to the 50% end point (CCID 50)/mL. Additionally, control heifers received 1.5 × 10 6 CCID 50 BVDV/.5 mL without an embryo (positive) or heat-inactivated BVDV (negative). The positive control heifer and all 10 recipients of virus-exposed embryos exhibited viremia by Day 6 and seroconverted by Day 15 after transfer. The negative control heifer did not exhibit a viremia or seroconvert. At 30 d after embryo transfer, 6 of 10 heifers in the treatment group were pregnant; however, 30 d later, only one was still pregnant. This fetus was nonviable and was positive for BVDV. In conclusion, the quantity of BVDV associated with bovine embryos after in vitro exposure can result in viremia and seroconversion of seronegative recipients after transfer into the uterus during diestrus.