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Effect of Long‐Term Testosterone Administration on the Endometrium of Female‐to‐Male (FtM) Transsexuals
Long term safety of testosterone (T) administration in women is still unknown. In particular few and discordant data exists on the effects of T on the endometrium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long‐term T treatment on endometrium histology and proliferation in female to ma...
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| Published in: | Journal of sexual medicine 2009-11, Vol.6 (11), p.3193-3200 |
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| creator | Perrone, Anna Myriam Cerpolini, Silvia Maria Salfi, Nunzio Cosimo Ceccarelli, Claudio De Giorgi, Lucilla Badiali Formelli, Guido Casadio, Paolo Ghi, Tullio Pelusi, Giuseppe Pelusi, Carla Meriggiola, Maria Cristina |
| description | Long term safety of testosterone (T) administration in women is still unknown. In particular few and discordant data exists on the effects of T on the endometrium.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long‐term T treatment on endometrium histology and proliferation in female to male transsexual subjects (FtM). We compared these endometria with those of young women in the proliferative phase (PM) of the cycle and with those of post menopausal women (M).
Endometrial samples from 27 FtM treated with T (intramuscular injection of 100 mg Testoviron Depot /10 days for at least one year), 30 M undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, and 13 PM undergoing hysteroscopy for infertility problems were collected. Endometrial proliferation was evaluated on the basis of histopathology and expression of the proliferation marker Ki‐67. Both M and PM women had not received any hormonal treatment for at least one year.
Circulating total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E), progesterone (P), insulin and glucose levels were measured in FtM and PM subjects.
FtM had received T for 33.6 ± 21.3 months (mean ± SD). In FtM subjects, histological analysis found inactive endometrium similar to the atrophic menopausal endometrium. The expression of Ki‐67 in the glands, stroma and glands and stroma together was significantly (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01380.x |
| format | article |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long‐term T treatment on endometrium histology and proliferation in female to male transsexual subjects (FtM). We compared these endometria with those of young women in the proliferative phase (PM) of the cycle and with those of post menopausal women (M).
Endometrial samples from 27 FtM treated with T (intramuscular injection of 100 mg Testoviron Depot /10 days for at least one year), 30 M undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, and 13 PM undergoing hysteroscopy for infertility problems were collected. Endometrial proliferation was evaluated on the basis of histopathology and expression of the proliferation marker Ki‐67. Both M and PM women had not received any hormonal treatment for at least one year.
Circulating total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E), progesterone (P), insulin and glucose levels were measured in FtM and PM subjects.
FtM had received T for 33.6 ± 21.3 months (mean ± SD). In FtM subjects, histological analysis found inactive endometrium similar to the atrophic menopausal endometrium. The expression of Ki‐67 in the glands, stroma and glands and stroma together was significantly (p < 0.0005) lower in FtM than in PM women and was similar in the FtM and M groups. Small polyps were detected in 5 of the 27 FtM subjects.
In conclusion our data suggest that exogenous T administration does not stimulate endometrial proliferation in FtM transsexuals and indeed may have atrophic effects. Perrone AM, Cerpolini S, Salfi NCM, Ceccarelli C, Badiali De Giorgi L, Formelli G, Casadio P, Ghi T, Pelusi G, Pelusi C, and Meriggiola MC. Effect of long‐term testosterone administration on the endometrium of female‐to‐male (FtM) transsexuals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1743-6095</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1743-6109</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01380.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19570144</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden, USA: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose - analysis ; Endometrium ; Endometrium - drug effects ; Endometrium - pathology ; Endometrium - physiopathology ; Estradiol - blood ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin - blood ; Male ; Progesterone - blood ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - adverse effects ; Testosterone - blood ; Testosterone - therapeutic use ; Transsexualism - drug therapy ; Transsexualism - physiopathology ; Transsexuals</subject><ispartof>Journal of sexual medicine, 2009-11, Vol.6 (11), p.3193-3200</ispartof><rights>2009 International Society for Sexual Medicine</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5310-366e70c4f9ac66f2584b1aeddb7261bdeff7ea0d16d747075878ba1bd9610c763</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5310-366e70c4f9ac66f2584b1aeddb7261bdeff7ea0d16d747075878ba1bd9610c763</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1743-6109.2009.01380.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1743-6109.2009.01380.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19570144$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Perrone, Anna Myriam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cerpolini, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maria Salfi, Nunzio Cosimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ceccarelli, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Giorgi, Lucilla Badiali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Formelli, Guido</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casadio, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghi, Tullio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelusi, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelusi, Carla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meriggiola, Maria Cristina</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Long‐Term Testosterone Administration on the Endometrium of Female‐to‐Male (FtM) Transsexuals</title><title>Journal of sexual medicine</title><addtitle>J Sex Med</addtitle><description>Long term safety of testosterone (T) administration in women is still unknown. In particular few and discordant data exists on the effects of T on the endometrium.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long‐term T treatment on endometrium histology and proliferation in female to male transsexual subjects (FtM). We compared these endometria with those of young women in the proliferative phase (PM) of the cycle and with those of post menopausal women (M).
Endometrial samples from 27 FtM treated with T (intramuscular injection of 100 mg Testoviron Depot /10 days for at least one year), 30 M undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, and 13 PM undergoing hysteroscopy for infertility problems were collected. Endometrial proliferation was evaluated on the basis of histopathology and expression of the proliferation marker Ki‐67. Both M and PM women had not received any hormonal treatment for at least one year.
Circulating total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E), progesterone (P), insulin and glucose levels were measured in FtM and PM subjects.
FtM had received T for 33.6 ± 21.3 months (mean ± SD). In FtM subjects, histological analysis found inactive endometrium similar to the atrophic menopausal endometrium. The expression of Ki‐67 in the glands, stroma and glands and stroma together was significantly (p < 0.0005) lower in FtM than in PM women and was similar in the FtM and M groups. Small polyps were detected in 5 of the 27 FtM subjects.
In conclusion our data suggest that exogenous T administration does not stimulate endometrial proliferation in FtM transsexuals and indeed may have atrophic effects. Perrone AM, Cerpolini S, Salfi NCM, Ceccarelli C, Badiali De Giorgi L, Formelli G, Casadio P, Ghi T, Pelusi G, Pelusi C, and Meriggiola MC. Effect of long‐term testosterone administration on the endometrium of female‐to‐male (FtM) transsexuals.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - analysis</subject><subject>Endometrium</subject><subject>Endometrium - drug effects</subject><subject>Endometrium - pathology</subject><subject>Endometrium - physiopathology</subject><subject>Estradiol - blood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Progesterone - blood</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - adverse effects</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Testosterone - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Transsexualism - drug therapy</subject><subject>Transsexualism - physiopathology</subject><subject>Transsexuals</subject><issn>1743-6095</issn><issn>1743-6109</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkc9u1DAQxiMEoqXwCig34JDFjhM7OXBoy-7yZxckCELiYjnxGLwkcbGTdnvjEXhGnoQJWcoRLGtmpPm-sebnKIopWVA8T3cLKjKWcErKRUowEMoKstjfio5vGrf_1KTMj6J7IewIYXjSu9ERLXNBaJYdR93SGGiG2Jl44_rPP7__qMB3cQVhcGEA73qIT3VnexsGrwbr-hjv8AXiZa9dB4O3Yze5V9CpFtA_OAxbrOPHq2H7JK686kOA_ajacD-6YzDBg0M-iT6sltX5i2Tzdv3y_HSTNDmjJGGcgyBNZkrVcG7SvMhqqkDrWqSc1hqMEaCIplyLTBCRF6KoFTZKXLwRnJ1Ej-a5F959G3EX2dnQQNuqHtwYpGCs4CylOSqLWdl4F4IHIy-87ZS_lpTIibXcyQmjnJDKibX8zVru0frw8MhYd6D_Gg9wUfBsFlzZFq7_e7B89X47VehPZj-yh_2NX_mvkgsmcvnxzVpWm0_v1sX2uXyN-rNZD4j20oKXobHQN6Ctxz-W2tl_b_ULlmu1Pg</recordid><startdate>200911</startdate><enddate>200911</enddate><creator>Perrone, Anna Myriam</creator><creator>Cerpolini, Silvia</creator><creator>Maria Salfi, Nunzio Cosimo</creator><creator>Ceccarelli, Claudio</creator><creator>De Giorgi, Lucilla Badiali</creator><creator>Formelli, Guido</creator><creator>Casadio, Paolo</creator><creator>Ghi, Tullio</creator><creator>Pelusi, Giuseppe</creator><creator>Pelusi, Carla</creator><creator>Meriggiola, Maria Cristina</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200911</creationdate><title>Effect of Long‐Term Testosterone Administration on the Endometrium of Female‐to‐Male (FtM) Transsexuals</title><author>Perrone, Anna Myriam ; Cerpolini, Silvia ; Maria Salfi, Nunzio Cosimo ; Ceccarelli, Claudio ; De Giorgi, Lucilla Badiali ; Formelli, Guido ; Casadio, Paolo ; Ghi, Tullio ; Pelusi, Giuseppe ; Pelusi, Carla ; Meriggiola, Maria Cristina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5310-366e70c4f9ac66f2584b1aeddb7261bdeff7ea0d16d747075878ba1bd9610c763</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - analysis</topic><topic>Endometrium</topic><topic>Endometrium - drug effects</topic><topic>Endometrium - pathology</topic><topic>Endometrium - physiopathology</topic><topic>Estradiol - blood</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Progesterone - blood</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - adverse effects</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Testosterone - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Transsexualism - drug therapy</topic><topic>Transsexualism - physiopathology</topic><topic>Transsexuals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Perrone, Anna Myriam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cerpolini, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maria Salfi, Nunzio Cosimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ceccarelli, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Giorgi, Lucilla Badiali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Formelli, Guido</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casadio, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghi, Tullio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelusi, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelusi, Carla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meriggiola, Maria Cristina</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of sexual medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Perrone, Anna Myriam</au><au>Cerpolini, Silvia</au><au>Maria Salfi, Nunzio Cosimo</au><au>Ceccarelli, Claudio</au><au>De Giorgi, Lucilla Badiali</au><au>Formelli, Guido</au><au>Casadio, Paolo</au><au>Ghi, Tullio</au><au>Pelusi, Giuseppe</au><au>Pelusi, Carla</au><au>Meriggiola, Maria Cristina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Long‐Term Testosterone Administration on the Endometrium of Female‐to‐Male (FtM) Transsexuals</atitle><jtitle>Journal of sexual medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Sex Med</addtitle><date>2009-11</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>3193</spage><epage>3200</epage><pages>3193-3200</pages><issn>1743-6095</issn><eissn>1743-6109</eissn><abstract>Long term safety of testosterone (T) administration in women is still unknown. In particular few and discordant data exists on the effects of T on the endometrium.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long‐term T treatment on endometrium histology and proliferation in female to male transsexual subjects (FtM). We compared these endometria with those of young women in the proliferative phase (PM) of the cycle and with those of post menopausal women (M).
Endometrial samples from 27 FtM treated with T (intramuscular injection of 100 mg Testoviron Depot /10 days for at least one year), 30 M undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, and 13 PM undergoing hysteroscopy for infertility problems were collected. Endometrial proliferation was evaluated on the basis of histopathology and expression of the proliferation marker Ki‐67. Both M and PM women had not received any hormonal treatment for at least one year.
Circulating total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E), progesterone (P), insulin and glucose levels were measured in FtM and PM subjects.
FtM had received T for 33.6 ± 21.3 months (mean ± SD). In FtM subjects, histological analysis found inactive endometrium similar to the atrophic menopausal endometrium. The expression of Ki‐67 in the glands, stroma and glands and stroma together was significantly (p < 0.0005) lower in FtM than in PM women and was similar in the FtM and M groups. Small polyps were detected in 5 of the 27 FtM subjects.
In conclusion our data suggest that exogenous T administration does not stimulate endometrial proliferation in FtM transsexuals and indeed may have atrophic effects. Perrone AM, Cerpolini S, Salfi NCM, Ceccarelli C, Badiali De Giorgi L, Formelli G, Casadio P, Ghi T, Pelusi G, Pelusi C, and Meriggiola MC. Effect of long‐term testosterone administration on the endometrium of female‐to‐male (FtM) transsexuals.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>19570144</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01380.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Adult Aged Blood Glucose - analysis Endometrium Endometrium - drug effects Endometrium - pathology Endometrium - physiopathology Estradiol - blood Female Humans Insulin - blood Male Progesterone - blood Testosterone Testosterone - adverse effects Testosterone - blood Testosterone - therapeutic use Transsexualism - drug therapy Transsexualism - physiopathology Transsexuals |
| title | Effect of Long‐Term Testosterone Administration on the Endometrium of Female‐to‐Male (FtM) Transsexuals |
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