The role of vitamin E and oxidative stress in diabetes complications

Diabetes is a disease characterized by poor glycemic control for which risk of the type 2 form increases with age. A rise in blood glucose concentration causes increased oxidative stress which contributes to the development and progression of diabetes-associated complications. Studies have shown tha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mechanisms of ageing and development 2010-04, Vol.131 (4), p.276-286
Main Authors: Pazdro, Robert, Burgess, John R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antioxidants - metabolism
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Diabetes
Diabetes Complications - metabolism
Diabetes Complications - prevention & control
Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Diabetic complications
Humans
Hyperglycemia - complications
Hyperglycemia - metabolism
Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects
Male
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Rats
Retinal Diseases - complications
Retinal Diseases - metabolism
Tocopherols - metabolism
Tocopherols - pharmacology
Vitamin E
Vitamin E - blood
Vitamin E - metabolism
Vitamin E - pharmacology
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Summary:Diabetes is a disease characterized by poor glycemic control for which risk of the type 2 form increases with age. A rise in blood glucose concentration causes increased oxidative stress which contributes to the development and progression of diabetes-associated complications. Studies have shown that primary antioxidants or genetic manipulation of antioxidant defenses can at least partially ameliorate this oxidative stress and consequentially, reduce severity of diabetic complications in animal models. Data from humans is less clear and will be summarized in this review. We highlight results from studies performed to investigate the role of vitamin E in preventing diabetes-induced oxidative damage in cell culture, animal models, and human participants, and summarize evidence testing whether this nutrient has an effect on outcomes related to the diabetic complications of nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. The most compelling evidence for an effect of vitamin E in diabetes is on protection against lipid peroxidation, whereas effects on protein and DNA oxidation are less pronounced. More studies are required to make definitive conclusions about the effect of vitamin E treatment on diabetes complications in human subjects.
ISSN:0047-6374
1872-6216
DOI:10.1016/j.mad.2010.03.005