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Defects in Insulin Secretion and Action in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin action and insulin secretion. Although insulin resistance manifests early during the prediabetic state, a failing β-cell function unable to overcome insulin resistance at target tissues determines the onset of T2DM. This review f...
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Published in: | Current diabetes reports 2010-06, Vol.10 (3), p.184-191 |
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Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin action and insulin secretion. Although insulin resistance manifests early during the prediabetic state, a failing β-cell function unable to overcome insulin resistance at target tissues determines the onset of T2DM. This review focuses on recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired regulation of the enteroinsular axis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are currently the subjects of intensive research. In addition, the adipose tissue has emerged as a major endocrine organ that secretes a growing list of adipocytokines with diverse central and peripheral metabolic effects. The role of a growing number of candidate genes and transcription factors regulating insulin action and secretion is also discussed. |
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ISSN: | 1534-4827 1539-0829 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11892-010-0115-5 |