Restriction of feline retroviruses: lessons from cat APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases and TRIM5alpha proteins

The interplay between viral and cellular factors determines the outcome of an initial contact between a given virus and its natural host or upon encounter of a novel host. Thus, the potential of inducing disease as well as crossing host species barriers are the consequences of the molecular interact...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2010-03, Vol.134 (1-2), p.14-24
Main Authors: Münk, Carsten, Hechler, Torsten, Chareza, Sarah, Löchelt, Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Carrier Proteins - physiology
Cat Diseases - virology
Cats - virology
Cytosine Deaminase - physiology
Host-Pathogen Interactions - physiology
Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - physiology
Lentiviruses, Feline - physiology
Leukemia Virus, Feline - physiology
Retroviridae - physiology
Retroviridae Infections - veterinary
Retroviridae Infections - virology
Virus Integration - physiology
Virus Replication - physiology
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Summary:The interplay between viral and cellular factors determines the outcome of an initial contact between a given virus and its natural host or upon encounter of a novel host. Thus, the potential of inducing disease as well as crossing host species barriers are the consequences of the molecular interactions between the parasite and its susceptible, tolerant or resistant host. Cellular restriction factors, for instance APOBEC3 and TRIM5 proteins, targeting defined pathogens or groups of pathogens as well as viral genes counter-acting these cellular defense systems are of prime importance in this respect and may even represent novel targets for prevention and therapy of virus infections. Due to the importance of host-encoded antiviral restriction and viral counter-defense for pathogenicity and host tropism, the responsible molecular factors and mechanisms are currently under intense investigation. In this review we will introduce host restriction and retroviral counter-defense systems with a special emphasis on the cat and its naturally occurring exogenous retroviruses which is a valid model for human disease, a model that will contribute to increase our basic understanding and potential applications of these important aspects of host-virus interaction.
ISSN:1873-2534
DOI:10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.10.004