TRAUMA, PROTECTION, AND DISTRESS IN LATE ADOLESCENCE: A MULTI-DETERMINANT APPROACH

This empirical study investigated the multivariable relationship between psychological distress and the combination of a set of four trauma events (victim of violence, witness of violence, victim of accidents, and interpersonal loss) and a set of four protective factors (emotional social support, se...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Adolescence 2009-12, Vol.44 (176), p.693-703
Main Authors: SPENCINER ROSENTHAL, Beth, WILSON, W. Cody, FUTCH, Valerie A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accidents - psychology
Adaptation, Psychological
Adolescent
Adolescents
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Anxiety disorders. Neuroses
Behavior
Bereavement
Biological and medical sciences
Care and treatment
Community Relations
Construct Validity
Correlation
Cross-Sectional Studies
Depression
Depression (Psychology)
Developmental psychology
Domestic violence
Dropouts
Economic Status
Effect Size
Ethnicity
Family Income
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Health aspects
High School Students
Humans
Late Adolescents
Life Change Events
Literature Reviews
Magnet schools
Male
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
Mood disorders
Multivariate Analysis
Nontraditional Education
Psychic trauma
Psychological aspects
Psychological Distress
Psychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychopathology
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Reliability
Research Assistants
Research Design
Risk Factors
Safety and security measures
School dropouts
Self Efficacy
Sex crimes
Sex Factors
Social Support
Stress
Stress, Psychological - etiology
Stress, Psychological - prevention & control
Students
Studies
Teenagers
Temperament
Trauma
United States
Validity
Variables
Victims
Victims of Crime
Violence
Violence - psychology
Vocational Education
Youth
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Summary:This empirical study investigated the multivariable relationship between psychological distress and the combination of a set of four trauma events (victim of violence, witness of violence, victim of accidents, and interpersonal loss) and a set of four protective factors (emotional social support, sense of personal efficacy, easygoing temperament, and gender) among a sample of 1,066 graduating high school seniors in a large urban community. Each of the eight independent variables had a statistically significant zero-order correlation with psychological distress. The set of eight variables (four trauma and four protective) had a multiple correlation of R = .61 with psychological distress accounting for 38% of the variance (considered a very large effect size by Cohen (1988)). The protective factors had a larger effect on psychological distress than did the trauma variables. The study demonstrates the desirability of using a multi-determinant approach rather than a single-determinant approach in the study of psychological distress.
ISSN:0001-8449