Electrolysed-reduced water dialysate improves T-cell damage in end-stage renal disease patients with chronic haemodialysis

• Published in: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation dialysis, transplantation, 2010-08, Vol.25 (8), p.2730-2737
• Main Authors: Huang, Kuo-Chin, Hsu, Shih-Ping, Yang, Chih-Ching, Ou-Yang, Pu, Lee, Kun-Tai, Morisawa, Shinkatsu, Otsubo, Kazumichi, Chien, Chiang-Ting
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology; Dialysis Solutions - pharmacology; Dialysis Solutions - therapeutic use; electrolysed reduced water; end-stage renal disease; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide - pharmacology; Hydrogen Peroxide - therapeutic use; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit - metabolism; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood; Kidney Failure, Chronic - pathology; Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; oxidative stress; Renal Dialysis; T-lymphocyte; Th1 Cells - pathology; Th2 Cells - pathology; Treatment Outcome
• ISSN: 0931-0509; 1460-2385
• DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq082

Background. T-cell damage by increased oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis (HD) led to the increased T-cell apoptosis and the alteration of surface markers and Th1/Th2 ratio in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Antioxidant electrolysed-reduced water (ERW) was used as the dialysate in ESRD patients undergoing chronic HD to test for improved oxidative stress-related T-cell apoptosis, alterations of surface markers and intracellular cytokine profile. Methods. We evaluated apoptosis formation by annexin V, CD25-related surface markers, and cytokine ratio of Th1/Th2 in CD4+ T lymphocytes and Tc1/Tc2 in CD8+ T lymphocytes of 42 ESRD patients haemodialysed with ERW for 1 year. Results. In comparison to 12 healthy individuals, the ESRD patients had more T-cell apoptosis and less CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD25/CD69/CD94/CD3+ phenotypes at baseline. Lower intracellular IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the Th1/CD4+ and Tc1/CD8+ cells and higher intracellular IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the Th2/CD4+ and Tc2/CD8+ cells were also noted in the ESRD patients. After a 1-year ERW treatment, the patients had a decrease in T-cell apoptosis and increases in CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cell numbers and CD25/CD69/CD94/CD3+ phenotypes in the T cells. The intracellular IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the Th1/Tc1 cells significantly (P < 0.05) increased and the intracellular IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the Th2/Tc2 cells decreased. Furthermore, the Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 cytokine ratios were improved toward a normal status. Conclusion. One-year ERW treatment effectively ameliorated T-cell apoptosis, altered CD25-related surface markers and intracellular cytokine profile in the HD patients.