Restriction factors: a defense against retroviral infection

Susceptibility to retroviral infection is determined, in part, by host genes with antiviral activity. The Fv1 gene, which inhibits murine leukemia virus infection in mice, encodes one such resistance factor, and was long thought to be unique in that it restricts post-entry, pre-integration steps of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in microbiology (Regular ed.) 2003-06, Vol.11 (6), p.286-291
Main Author: Bieniasz, Paul D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Carbon-Oxygen Lyases - genetics
DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Lentivirus - genetics
Mammals
Mice
Models, Biological
Molecular Sequence Data
Proteins - genetics
Proteins - metabolism
Retroviridae - growth & development
Retroviridae Infections - genetics
Retroviridae Infections - immunology
Retroviridae Infections - metabolism
Retroviridae Infections - virology
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Summary:Susceptibility to retroviral infection is determined, in part, by host genes with antiviral activity. The Fv1 gene, which inhibits murine leukemia virus infection in mice, encodes one such resistance factor, and was long thought to be unique in that it restricts post-entry, pre-integration steps of retroviral replication. However, recent findings suggest the existence of similar restriction factors in primates, including humans. These factors, termed Lv1 and Ref1, can inhibit a range of retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its relatives. Fv1, Lv1 and Ref1 target capsid determinants to block infection but can be saturated by incoming virions. Primate- and murine-retrovirus restriction factors have diverse and overlapping specificities, and some variants of Lv1, as well as Ref1, apparently recognize and inhibit infection by widely divergent retroviruses.
ISSN:0966-842X
1878-4380
DOI:10.1016/S0966-842X(03)00123-9