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Scaling form of viscosity at all length-scales in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis
We measured the viscosity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 6000, 12,000, 20,000) in water using capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with nanoscopic probes of different diameters (from 1.7 to 114 nm). For a probe of diameter smaller than the radius of gyration of PEG (e.g...
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Published in: | Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2009-01, Vol.11 (40), p.9025-9032 |
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creator | HOLYST, Robert BIELEJEWSKA, Anna ZIEBACZ, Natalia WIECZOREK, Stefan A SZYMANSKI, Jędrzej WILK, Agnieszka PATKOWSKI, Adam GAPINSKI, Jacek ZYWOCINSKI, Andrzej KALWARCZYK, Tomasz KALWARCZYK, Ewelina TABAKA, Marcin |
description | We measured the viscosity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 6000, 12,000, 20,000) in water using capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with nanoscopic probes of different diameters (from 1.7 to 114 nm). For a probe of diameter smaller than the radius of gyration of PEG (e.g. rhodamine B or lyzozyme) the measured nanoviscosity was orders of magnitude smaller than the macroviscosity. For sizes equal to (or larger than) the polymer radius of gyration, macroscopic value of viscosity was measured. A mathematical relation for macro and nanoviscosity was found as a function of PEG radius of gyration, R(g), correlation length in semi-dilute solution, xi, and probe size, R. For R < R(g), the nanoviscosity (normalized by water viscosity) is given by exp(b(R/xi)a), and for R > R(g), both nano and macroviscosity follow the same curve, exp(b(R/xi)a), where a and b are two constants close to unity. This mathematical relation was shown to equally well describe rhodamine (of size 1.7 nm) in PEG 20,000 and the macroviscosity of PEG 8,000,000, whose radius of gyration exceeds 200 nm. Additionally, for the smallest probes (rhodamine B and lysozyme) we have verified, using capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, that the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation holds, providing that we use a size-dependent viscosity in the formula. The SE relation is correct even in PEG solutions of very high viscosity (three orders of magnitude larger than that of water). |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/b908386c |
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For a probe of diameter smaller than the radius of gyration of PEG (e.g. rhodamine B or lyzozyme) the measured nanoviscosity was orders of magnitude smaller than the macroviscosity. For sizes equal to (or larger than) the polymer radius of gyration, macroscopic value of viscosity was measured. A mathematical relation for macro and nanoviscosity was found as a function of PEG radius of gyration, R(g), correlation length in semi-dilute solution, xi, and probe size, R. For R < R(g), the nanoviscosity (normalized by water viscosity) is given by exp(b(R/xi)a), and for R > R(g), both nano and macroviscosity follow the same curve, exp(b(R/xi)a), where a and b are two constants close to unity. This mathematical relation was shown to equally well describe rhodamine (of size 1.7 nm) in PEG 20,000 and the macroviscosity of PEG 8,000,000, whose radius of gyration exceeds 200 nm. Additionally, for the smallest probes (rhodamine B and lysozyme) we have verified, using capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, that the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation holds, providing that we use a size-dependent viscosity in the formula. The SE relation is correct even in PEG solutions of very high viscosity (three orders of magnitude larger than that of water).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1463-9076</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1463-9084</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/b908386c</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19812821</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Animals ; Cattle ; Chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Exact sciences and technology ; General and physical chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry ; Solutions ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Viscosity</subject><ispartof>Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP, 2009-01, Vol.11 (40), p.9025-9032</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-341f6b39cd211b2795848e571c8b8d2dde7037930f8fa2a44d2b1b3ad776cf7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-341f6b39cd211b2795848e571c8b8d2dde7037930f8fa2a44d2b1b3ad776cf7a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22088511$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812821$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>HOLYST, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BIELEJEWSKA, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ZIEBACZ, Natalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WIECZOREK, Stefan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SZYMANSKI, Jędrzej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WILK, Agnieszka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PATKOWSKI, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GAPINSKI, Jacek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ZYWOCINSKI, Andrzej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KALWARCZYK, Tomasz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KALWARCZYK, Ewelina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TABAKA, Marcin</creatorcontrib><title>Scaling form of viscosity at all length-scales in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis</title><title>Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP</title><addtitle>Phys Chem Chem Phys</addtitle><description>We measured the viscosity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 6000, 12,000, 20,000) in water using capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with nanoscopic probes of different diameters (from 1.7 to 114 nm). For a probe of diameter smaller than the radius of gyration of PEG (e.g. rhodamine B or lyzozyme) the measured nanoviscosity was orders of magnitude smaller than the macroviscosity. For sizes equal to (or larger than) the polymer radius of gyration, macroscopic value of viscosity was measured. A mathematical relation for macro and nanoviscosity was found as a function of PEG radius of gyration, R(g), correlation length in semi-dilute solution, xi, and probe size, R. For R < R(g), the nanoviscosity (normalized by water viscosity) is given by exp(b(R/xi)a), and for R > R(g), both nano and macroviscosity follow the same curve, exp(b(R/xi)a), where a and b are two constants close to unity. This mathematical relation was shown to equally well describe rhodamine (of size 1.7 nm) in PEG 20,000 and the macroviscosity of PEG 8,000,000, whose radius of gyration exceeds 200 nm. Additionally, for the smallest probes (rhodamine B and lysozyme) we have verified, using capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, that the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation holds, providing that we use a size-dependent viscosity in the formula. The SE relation is correct even in PEG solutions of very high viscosity (three orders of magnitude larger than that of water).</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Electrophoresis, Capillary</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>General and physical chemistry</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry</subject><subject>Solutions</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Fluorescence</subject><subject>Viscosity</subject><issn>1463-9076</issn><issn>1463-9084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkUtv1DAQx62qiJaC1E-AfKkoh4Af2dg5VhUvqRIH2nPk2ONdI28cPA5Svk0_Kl66lNPMaH7z-g8hl5x94Ez2H8eeaak7e0LOedvJpobt6bOvujPyCvEnY4xvuHxJznivudCCn5PHH9bEMG2pT3lPk6e_A9qEoazUFGpipBGmbdk1WDlAGiY6p7heQ9mtNQN0G1eb4nuKKS4lpAkplsUFcHRcqY9LyoAWJgvUppwhmgNEcQZbcqqj5jpoctSaOcRo8koh_k3Nu0NlwNfkhTcR4c3RXpCHz5_ub782d9-_fLu9uWus7HVpZMt9N8reOsH5KFS_0a2GjeJWj9oJ50AxqXrJvPZGmLZ1YuSjNE6pznpl5AV599R3zunXAliGfVUC6k4TpAUHJVumNJOyktdPpK0HYAY_zDns6-oDZ8PhHcO_d1T07bHpMu7B_QeP-lfg6giYg8A-m8kGfOaEYFpvOJd_AOjblqk</recordid><startdate>20090101</startdate><enddate>20090101</enddate><creator>HOLYST, Robert</creator><creator>BIELEJEWSKA, Anna</creator><creator>ZIEBACZ, Natalia</creator><creator>WIECZOREK, Stefan A</creator><creator>SZYMANSKI, Jędrzej</creator><creator>WILK, Agnieszka</creator><creator>PATKOWSKI, Adam</creator><creator>GAPINSKI, Jacek</creator><creator>ZYWOCINSKI, Andrzej</creator><creator>KALWARCZYK, Tomasz</creator><creator>KALWARCZYK, Ewelina</creator><creator>TABAKA, Marcin</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090101</creationdate><title>Scaling form of viscosity at all length-scales in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis</title><author>HOLYST, Robert ; BIELEJEWSKA, Anna ; ZIEBACZ, Natalia ; WIECZOREK, Stefan A ; SZYMANSKI, Jędrzej ; WILK, Agnieszka ; PATKOWSKI, Adam ; GAPINSKI, Jacek ; ZYWOCINSKI, Andrzej ; KALWARCZYK, Tomasz ; KALWARCZYK, Ewelina ; TABAKA, Marcin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-341f6b39cd211b2795848e571c8b8d2dde7037930f8fa2a44d2b1b3ad776cf7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Electrophoresis, Capillary</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>General and physical chemistry</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry</topic><topic>Solutions</topic><topic>Spectrometry, Fluorescence</topic><topic>Viscosity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>HOLYST, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BIELEJEWSKA, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ZIEBACZ, Natalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WIECZOREK, Stefan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SZYMANSKI, Jędrzej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WILK, Agnieszka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PATKOWSKI, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GAPINSKI, Jacek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ZYWOCINSKI, Andrzej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KALWARCZYK, Tomasz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KALWARCZYK, Ewelina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TABAKA, Marcin</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>HOLYST, Robert</au><au>BIELEJEWSKA, Anna</au><au>ZIEBACZ, Natalia</au><au>WIECZOREK, Stefan A</au><au>SZYMANSKI, Jędrzej</au><au>WILK, Agnieszka</au><au>PATKOWSKI, Adam</au><au>GAPINSKI, Jacek</au><au>ZYWOCINSKI, Andrzej</au><au>KALWARCZYK, Tomasz</au><au>KALWARCZYK, Ewelina</au><au>TABAKA, Marcin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Scaling form of viscosity at all length-scales in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis</atitle><jtitle>Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP</jtitle><addtitle>Phys Chem Chem Phys</addtitle><date>2009-01-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>40</issue><spage>9025</spage><epage>9032</epage><pages>9025-9032</pages><issn>1463-9076</issn><eissn>1463-9084</eissn><abstract>We measured the viscosity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 6000, 12,000, 20,000) in water using capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with nanoscopic probes of different diameters (from 1.7 to 114 nm). For a probe of diameter smaller than the radius of gyration of PEG (e.g. rhodamine B or lyzozyme) the measured nanoviscosity was orders of magnitude smaller than the macroviscosity. For sizes equal to (or larger than) the polymer radius of gyration, macroscopic value of viscosity was measured. A mathematical relation for macro and nanoviscosity was found as a function of PEG radius of gyration, R(g), correlation length in semi-dilute solution, xi, and probe size, R. For R < R(g), the nanoviscosity (normalized by water viscosity) is given by exp(b(R/xi)a), and for R > R(g), both nano and macroviscosity follow the same curve, exp(b(R/xi)a), where a and b are two constants close to unity. This mathematical relation was shown to equally well describe rhodamine (of size 1.7 nm) in PEG 20,000 and the macroviscosity of PEG 8,000,000, whose radius of gyration exceeds 200 nm. Additionally, for the smallest probes (rhodamine B and lysozyme) we have verified, using capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, that the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation holds, providing that we use a size-dependent viscosity in the formula. The SE relation is correct even in PEG solutions of very high viscosity (three orders of magnitude larger than that of water).</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><pmid>19812821</pmid><doi>10.1039/b908386c</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Cattle Chemistry Electrophoresis, Capillary Exact sciences and technology General and physical chemistry Nanotechnology Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry Solutions Spectrometry, Fluorescence Viscosity |
title | Scaling form of viscosity at all length-scales in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis |
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