Characterization of Selected Nutrients and Bacteria from Anaerobic Swine Manure Lagoons on Sow, Nursery, and Finisher Farms in the Mid-South USA

Swine (Sus scrofa domestica) production in the Mid-South USA comprises sow, nursery, and finisher farms. A 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. Changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown bec...

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Published in:Journal of environmental quality 2009-11, Vol.38 (6), p.2422-2430
Main Authors: McLaughlin, Michael R, Brooks, John P, Adeli, Ardeshir
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anaerobic conditions
Anaerobiosis
Animal Husbandry
animal pathogenic bacteria
Animals
Bacteria
Campylobacter
chemical composition
Clostridium perfringens
coliform bacteria
E coli
Enterococcus
Environmental Microbiology
Escherichia coli
Farms
Female
finishing
Hogs
Humans
intestinal microorganisms
Lagoons
land application
Levees & battures
Listeria
livestock and meat industry
livestock production
Manure - analysis
Manure - microbiology
Manures
Meat processing
microbial ecology
nitrogen
Nurseries
nutrient content
nutrient management
Nutrients
organic fertilizers
phosphorus
Pig manure
piglets
Polymerase Chain Reaction
potassium
Risk assessment
Salmonella
Salmonella - isolation & purification
Southeastern United States
sows
Studies
Sus scrofa
Swine
waste lagoons
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creator McLaughlin, Michael R
Brooks, John P
Adeli, Ardeshir
description Swine (Sus scrofa domestica) production in the Mid-South USA comprises sow, nursery, and finisher farms. A 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. Changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown because nutrient and bacterial levels had not been characterized by farm type. The objectives of this study were to quantify selected nutrients and bacteria, compare levels by farm types, and project impacts of production shifts. Nutrients and bacteria were characterized in 17 sow, 10 nursery, and 10 finisher farm lagoons. Total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber) Hauduroy et al., Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. were evaluated. Highest levels were from total coliforms (1.4– 5.7 x 10(5) cfu 100 mL–1), which occurred with E. coli, Campylobacter spp., C. perfringens, and Enterococcus spp., in every lagoon and virtually every sample. Lowest levels were from Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. (
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A 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. Changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown because nutrient and bacterial levels had not been characterized by farm type. The objectives of this study were to quantify selected nutrients and bacteria, compare levels by farm types, and project impacts of production shifts. Nutrients and bacteria were characterized in 17 sow, 10 nursery, and 10 finisher farm lagoons. Total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber) Hauduroy et al., Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. were evaluated. Highest levels were from total coliforms (1.4– 5.7 x 10(5) cfu 100 mL–1), which occurred with E. coli, Campylobacter spp., C. perfringens, and Enterococcus spp., in every lagoon and virtually every sample. Lowest levels were from Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. (&lt;or=1.3 x 10(2) most probable number [MPN] 100 mL–1), detected in 81 and 89% of lagoons and 68 and 64% of samples, respectively. Sow farm levels were higher for all except Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp., which were lower (1.4 x 10(1) and 2.8 x 10(1) MPN 100 mL–1, respectively) and only slightly below their respective levels from nursery farms (1.1 x 10(2) and 3.4 x 10(1) MPN 100 mL–1). Shifting from finisher to nursery farm would not affect bacterial levels, but shifting to sows would. 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A 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. Changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown because nutrient and bacterial levels had not been characterized by farm type. The objectives of this study were to quantify selected nutrients and bacteria, compare levels by farm types, and project impacts of production shifts. Nutrients and bacteria were characterized in 17 sow, 10 nursery, and 10 finisher farm lagoons. Total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber) Hauduroy et al., Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. were evaluated. Highest levels were from total coliforms (1.4– 5.7 x 10(5) cfu 100 mL–1), which occurred with E. coli, Campylobacter spp., C. perfringens, and Enterococcus spp., in every lagoon and virtually every sample. Lowest levels were from Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. (&lt;or=1.3 x 10(2) most probable number [MPN] 100 mL–1), detected in 81 and 89% of lagoons and 68 and 64% of samples, respectively. Sow farm levels were higher for all except Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp., which were lower (1.4 x 10(1) and 2.8 x 10(1) MPN 100 mL–1, respectively) and only slightly below their respective levels from nursery farms (1.1 x 10(2) and 3.4 x 10(1) MPN 100 mL–1). Shifting from finisher to nursery farm would not affect bacterial levels, but shifting to sows would. Either shift would reduce NPK and N:P and suggest modification of nutrient management plans.</description><subject>anaerobic conditions</subject><subject>Anaerobiosis</subject><subject>Animal Husbandry</subject><subject>animal pathogenic bacteria</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Campylobacter</subject><subject>chemical composition</subject><subject>Clostridium perfringens</subject><subject>coliform bacteria</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Enterococcus</subject><subject>Environmental Microbiology</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>finishing</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>intestinal microorganisms</subject><subject>Lagoons</subject><subject>land application</subject><subject>Levees &amp; battures</subject><subject>Listeria</subject><subject>livestock and meat industry</subject><subject>livestock production</subject><subject>Manure - analysis</subject><subject>Manure - microbiology</subject><subject>Manures</subject><subject>Meat processing</subject><subject>microbial ecology</subject><subject>nitrogen</subject><subject>Nurseries</subject><subject>nutrient content</subject><subject>nutrient management</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>organic fertilizers</subject><subject>phosphorus</subject><subject>Pig manure</subject><subject>piglets</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>potassium</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Salmonella - isolation &amp; 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subjects anaerobic conditions
Anaerobiosis
Animal Husbandry
animal pathogenic bacteria
Animals
Bacteria
Campylobacter
chemical composition
Clostridium perfringens
coliform bacteria
E coli
Enterococcus
Environmental Microbiology
Escherichia coli
Farms
Female
finishing
Hogs
Humans
intestinal microorganisms
Lagoons
land application
Levees & battures
Listeria
livestock and meat industry
livestock production
Manure - analysis
Manure - microbiology
Manures
Meat processing
microbial ecology
nitrogen
Nurseries
nutrient content
nutrient management
Nutrients
organic fertilizers
phosphorus
Pig manure
piglets
Polymerase Chain Reaction
potassium
Risk assessment
Salmonella
Salmonella - isolation & purification
Southeastern United States
sows
Studies
Sus scrofa
Swine
waste lagoons
title Characterization of Selected Nutrients and Bacteria from Anaerobic Swine Manure Lagoons on Sow, Nursery, and Finisher Farms in the Mid-South USA
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