Preferential retention of POPs on the northern aspect of mountains

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) 2009-12, Vol.157 (12), p.3298-3307
• Main Authors: Tremolada, Paolo, Parolini, Marco, Binelli, Andrea, Ballabio, Cristiano, Comolli, Roberto, Provini, Alfredo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Altitude; aspect; Aspect effect; Contamination in mountain; Environmental Monitoring; HCH (pesticide); hexachlorobenzene; Italy; mountain soils; mountains; Organic Chemicals - analysis; persistent organic pollutants; polluted soils; polychlorinated biphenyls; POP distribution; Seasonal variation; Seasons; soil organic matter; Soil Pollutants - analysis; soil pollution; soil properties; Summer volatilisation; temperature
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.041

Soils are the main reservoirs of POPs in mountain ecosystems, but the great variability of the concentrations, also at small scale, leaves some uncertainties in the evaluation of environmental burdens and exposure. The role of the aspect of the mountain side and the seasonal variation in the contamination levels was analysed by means of several soil samples taken from central Italian Alps. A greater contamination content was present in northern soils with a mean ratio between the north vs. south normalised concentration of around a factor of 2 (North–South Enrichment Factor). Experimental factors agreed with theoretical calculations based on temperature-specific calculated K sa values. From May to November consistent differences in normalised concentrations up to 5-fold were observed. A dynamic picture of the POP contamination in high altitudinal soils is derived from the data in this work, with spring-summer half-lives between 60 and 120 days for most of the compounds. This paper discusses the accumulation of POPs in soils in relation to the aspect of the mountain side and supports the idea of a seasonal cycle of POPs in this matrix.