Loading…

General indices to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with simultaneous high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) represents a straightforward way to gauge cortical excitability and connectivity in humans. However, the analysis, classification and interpretation of TMS-evoked potentials are hampered b...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Fla.), 2010-01, Vol.49 (2), p.1459-1468
Main Authors: Casali, Adenauer G., Casarotto, Silvia, Rosanova, Mario, Mariotti, Maurizio, Massimini, Marcello
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-57af783e2cf1ffdc723d5ac3dd6598c12fa3001ac40dee6b8976914261028ed63
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-57af783e2cf1ffdc723d5ac3dd6598c12fa3001ac40dee6b8976914261028ed63
container_end_page 1468
container_issue 2
container_start_page 1459
container_title NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)
container_volume 49
creator Casali, Adenauer G.
Casarotto, Silvia
Rosanova, Mario
Mariotti, Maurizio
Massimini, Marcello
description Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with simultaneous high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) represents a straightforward way to gauge cortical excitability and connectivity in humans. However, the analysis, classification and interpretation of TMS-evoked potentials are hampered by scarce a priori knowledge about the physiological effect of TMS and by lack of an established data analysis framework. Here, we implemented a standardized, data-driven procedure to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS by means of three synthetic indices: significant current density (SCD), phase-locking (PL) and significant current scattering (SCS). SCD sums up the amplitude of all significant currents induced by TMS, PL reflects the ability of TMS to reset the phase of ongoing cortical oscillations, while SCS measures the average distance of significantly activated sources from the site of stimulation. These indices are aimed at capturing different aspects of brain responsiveness, ranging from global cortical excitability towards global cortical connectivity. We analyzed the EEG responses to TMS of Brodmann's area 19 at increasing intensities in five healthy subjects. The spatial distribution and time course of SCD, PL and SCS revealed a reproducible profile of excitability and connectivity, characterized by a local activation threshold around a TMS-induced electric field of 50 V/m and by a selective propagation of TMS-evoked activation from occipital to ipsilateral frontal areas that reached a maximum at 70–100 ms. These general indices may be used to characterize the effects of TMS on any cortical area and to quantitatively evaluate cortical excitability and connectivity in physiological and pathological conditions.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.026
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_734173557</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S1053811909010052</els_id><sourcerecordid>734173557</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-57af783e2cf1ffdc723d5ac3dd6598c12fa3001ac40dee6b8976914261028ed63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoNUbG39C2WgUK9mzclMvi61aBUqXtheh2xyxmaZnWyTGVF_vUl3odALhQMJ5Dnn5eQhpAG6Agri3WY14ZJi2NofuGKU6lUtJl6QE6Cat5pLdlTvvGsVgD4mr3Pe0AJCr16RY9BSUtqrE3J3jRMmOzZh8sFhbubYuHubrJsxhT_YzPfY4IhuTsEVLGHexSljE4fHJ4cJ17XfxTTjr9p--_X7GXk52DHjm8N5Su4-fby9-tzefLv-cvX-pnW9VnPLpR2k6pC5AYbBO8k6z63rvBdcKwdssB2lYF1PPaJYKy1F2YAJoEyhF90pebufu0vxYcE8m23IDsfRThiXbGTXg-w4l4W8_CfJAISQuo68eAZu4pKmsoUBToWiSjNaKLWnXIo5JxzMLhUb6bcBaqoiszFPikxVZGqxGnB-CFjWW_RPjQcnBfiwB7D83M-AyWQXcHLoQyoejI_h_yl_ASgGpwA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1506808920</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>General indices to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS</title><source>ScienceDirect Freedom Collection</source><creator>Casali, Adenauer G. ; Casarotto, Silvia ; Rosanova, Mario ; Mariotti, Maurizio ; Massimini, Marcello</creator><creatorcontrib>Casali, Adenauer G. ; Casarotto, Silvia ; Rosanova, Mario ; Mariotti, Maurizio ; Massimini, Marcello</creatorcontrib><description>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with simultaneous high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) represents a straightforward way to gauge cortical excitability and connectivity in humans. However, the analysis, classification and interpretation of TMS-evoked potentials are hampered by scarce a priori knowledge about the physiological effect of TMS and by lack of an established data analysis framework. Here, we implemented a standardized, data-driven procedure to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS by means of three synthetic indices: significant current density (SCD), phase-locking (PL) and significant current scattering (SCS). SCD sums up the amplitude of all significant currents induced by TMS, PL reflects the ability of TMS to reset the phase of ongoing cortical oscillations, while SCS measures the average distance of significantly activated sources from the site of stimulation. These indices are aimed at capturing different aspects of brain responsiveness, ranging from global cortical excitability towards global cortical connectivity. We analyzed the EEG responses to TMS of Brodmann's area 19 at increasing intensities in five healthy subjects. The spatial distribution and time course of SCD, PL and SCS revealed a reproducible profile of excitability and connectivity, characterized by a local activation threshold around a TMS-induced electric field of 50 V/m and by a selective propagation of TMS-evoked activation from occipital to ipsilateral frontal areas that reached a maximum at 70–100 ms. These general indices may be used to characterize the effects of TMS on any cortical area and to quantitatively evaluate cortical excitability and connectivity in physiological and pathological conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1053-8119</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9572</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.026</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19770048</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Algorithms ; Automation ; Brain Mapping - methods ; Cerebral cortex ; Cerebral Cortex - physiology ; Connectivity ; EEG ; Electroencephalography ; Electroencephalography - methods ; Evoked Potentials ; Excitability ; Experiments ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Maximum likelihood method ; Medical research ; Periodicity ; Time Factors ; TMS ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.), 2010-01, Vol.49 (2), p.1459-1468</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Jan 15, 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-57af783e2cf1ffdc723d5ac3dd6598c12fa3001ac40dee6b8976914261028ed63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-57af783e2cf1ffdc723d5ac3dd6598c12fa3001ac40dee6b8976914261028ed63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19770048$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Casali, Adenauer G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casarotto, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosanova, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariotti, Maurizio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Massimini, Marcello</creatorcontrib><title>General indices to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS</title><title>NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)</title><addtitle>Neuroimage</addtitle><description>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with simultaneous high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) represents a straightforward way to gauge cortical excitability and connectivity in humans. However, the analysis, classification and interpretation of TMS-evoked potentials are hampered by scarce a priori knowledge about the physiological effect of TMS and by lack of an established data analysis framework. Here, we implemented a standardized, data-driven procedure to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS by means of three synthetic indices: significant current density (SCD), phase-locking (PL) and significant current scattering (SCS). SCD sums up the amplitude of all significant currents induced by TMS, PL reflects the ability of TMS to reset the phase of ongoing cortical oscillations, while SCS measures the average distance of significantly activated sources from the site of stimulation. These indices are aimed at capturing different aspects of brain responsiveness, ranging from global cortical excitability towards global cortical connectivity. We analyzed the EEG responses to TMS of Brodmann's area 19 at increasing intensities in five healthy subjects. The spatial distribution and time course of SCD, PL and SCS revealed a reproducible profile of excitability and connectivity, characterized by a local activation threshold around a TMS-induced electric field of 50 V/m and by a selective propagation of TMS-evoked activation from occipital to ipsilateral frontal areas that reached a maximum at 70–100 ms. These general indices may be used to characterize the effects of TMS on any cortical area and to quantitatively evaluate cortical excitability and connectivity in physiological and pathological conditions.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Brain Mapping - methods</subject><subject>Cerebral cortex</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Connectivity</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Electroencephalography - methods</subject><subject>Evoked Potentials</subject><subject>Excitability</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maximum likelihood method</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Periodicity</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>TMS</subject><subject>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1053-8119</issn><issn>1095-9572</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoNUbG39C2WgUK9mzclMvi61aBUqXtheh2xyxmaZnWyTGVF_vUl3odALhQMJ5Dnn5eQhpAG6Agri3WY14ZJi2NofuGKU6lUtJl6QE6Cat5pLdlTvvGsVgD4mr3Pe0AJCr16RY9BSUtqrE3J3jRMmOzZh8sFhbubYuHubrJsxhT_YzPfY4IhuTsEVLGHexSljE4fHJ4cJ17XfxTTjr9p--_X7GXk52DHjm8N5Su4-fby9-tzefLv-cvX-pnW9VnPLpR2k6pC5AYbBO8k6z63rvBdcKwdssB2lYF1PPaJYKy1F2YAJoEyhF90pebufu0vxYcE8m23IDsfRThiXbGTXg-w4l4W8_CfJAISQuo68eAZu4pKmsoUBToWiSjNaKLWnXIo5JxzMLhUb6bcBaqoiszFPikxVZGqxGnB-CFjWW_RPjQcnBfiwB7D83M-AyWQXcHLoQyoejI_h_yl_ASgGpwA</recordid><startdate>20100115</startdate><enddate>20100115</enddate><creator>Casali, Adenauer G.</creator><creator>Casarotto, Silvia</creator><creator>Rosanova, Mario</creator><creator>Mariotti, Maurizio</creator><creator>Massimini, Marcello</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100115</creationdate><title>General indices to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS</title><author>Casali, Adenauer G. ; Casarotto, Silvia ; Rosanova, Mario ; Mariotti, Maurizio ; Massimini, Marcello</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-57af783e2cf1ffdc723d5ac3dd6598c12fa3001ac40dee6b8976914261028ed63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Brain Mapping - methods</topic><topic>Cerebral cortex</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>Connectivity</topic><topic>EEG</topic><topic>Electroencephalography</topic><topic>Electroencephalography - methods</topic><topic>Evoked Potentials</topic><topic>Excitability</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maximum likelihood method</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Periodicity</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>TMS</topic><topic>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Casali, Adenauer G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casarotto, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosanova, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariotti, Maurizio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Massimini, Marcello</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Casali, Adenauer G.</au><au>Casarotto, Silvia</au><au>Rosanova, Mario</au><au>Mariotti, Maurizio</au><au>Massimini, Marcello</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>General indices to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS</atitle><jtitle>NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)</jtitle><addtitle>Neuroimage</addtitle><date>2010-01-15</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1459</spage><epage>1468</epage><pages>1459-1468</pages><issn>1053-8119</issn><eissn>1095-9572</eissn><abstract>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with simultaneous high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) represents a straightforward way to gauge cortical excitability and connectivity in humans. However, the analysis, classification and interpretation of TMS-evoked potentials are hampered by scarce a priori knowledge about the physiological effect of TMS and by lack of an established data analysis framework. Here, we implemented a standardized, data-driven procedure to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS by means of three synthetic indices: significant current density (SCD), phase-locking (PL) and significant current scattering (SCS). SCD sums up the amplitude of all significant currents induced by TMS, PL reflects the ability of TMS to reset the phase of ongoing cortical oscillations, while SCS measures the average distance of significantly activated sources from the site of stimulation. These indices are aimed at capturing different aspects of brain responsiveness, ranging from global cortical excitability towards global cortical connectivity. We analyzed the EEG responses to TMS of Brodmann's area 19 at increasing intensities in five healthy subjects. The spatial distribution and time course of SCD, PL and SCS revealed a reproducible profile of excitability and connectivity, characterized by a local activation threshold around a TMS-induced electric field of 50 V/m and by a selective propagation of TMS-evoked activation from occipital to ipsilateral frontal areas that reached a maximum at 70–100 ms. These general indices may be used to characterize the effects of TMS on any cortical area and to quantitatively evaluate cortical excitability and connectivity in physiological and pathological conditions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>19770048</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.026</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1053-8119
ispartof NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.), 2010-01, Vol.49 (2), p.1459-1468
issn 1053-8119
1095-9572
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_734173557
source ScienceDirect Freedom Collection
subjects Adult
Algorithms
Automation
Brain Mapping - methods
Cerebral cortex
Cerebral Cortex - physiology
Connectivity
EEG
Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography - methods
Evoked Potentials
Excitability
Experiments
Female
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Male
Maximum likelihood method
Medical research
Periodicity
Time Factors
TMS
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods
Young Adult
title General indices to characterize the electrical response of the cerebral cortex to TMS
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-24T19%3A26%3A17IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=General%20indices%20to%20characterize%20the%20electrical%20response%20of%20the%20cerebral%20cortex%20to%20TMS&rft.jtitle=NeuroImage%20(Orlando,%20Fla.)&rft.au=Casali,%20Adenauer%20G.&rft.date=2010-01-15&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1459&rft.epage=1468&rft.pages=1459-1468&rft.issn=1053-8119&rft.eissn=1095-9572&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.026&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E734173557%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-57af783e2cf1ffdc723d5ac3dd6598c12fa3001ac40dee6b8976914261028ed63%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1506808920&rft_id=info:pmid/19770048&rfr_iscdi=true