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Organization of glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Structural and functional investigations were carried out to study olfactory glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (OB) in tadpoles of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Calcium imaging of odor response patterns of OB neurons revealed that the synapses within the glomeruli are functional. Tracing axons...

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Published in:Journal of comparative neurology (1911) 2003-09, Vol.464 (3), p.257-268
Main Authors: Nezlin, Leonid P., Heermann, Stephan, Schild, Detlev, Rössler, Wolfgang
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container_title Journal of comparative neurology (1911)
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creator Nezlin, Leonid P.
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Rössler, Wolfgang
description Structural and functional investigations were carried out to study olfactory glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (OB) in tadpoles of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Calcium imaging of odor response patterns of OB neurons revealed that the synapses within the glomeruli are functional. Tracing axons of individual olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), dendrites of mitral/tufted (M/T) cells and processes of periglomerular interneurons indicate that the glomerular architecture is solely determined by terminal branches of ORN axons and tufts of M/T primary dendrites. The small population of periglomerular neurons forms wide‐field arborizations that always extend over many glomeruli, enter the glomeruli, but lack any glomerular tufts. Antibodies to synaptophysin indicate a high density of synapses within glomeruli, which was further confirmed at the ultrastructural level and quantified to approximately 0.5 synaptic sites per μm2. Combining immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural investigations, we show that glomeruli in Xenopus laevis tadpoles lack any cellular borders. Glomeruli are surrounded neither by periglomerular somata nor by glial processes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that olfactory glomeruli in Xenopus laevis tadpoles (1) are fully functional, (2) are spheroidal neuropil aggregations of terminal tufts of ORNs and tufts of primary dendrites of M/T cells, and (3) are not enwrapped by a border formed by juxtaglomerular cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 464:257–268, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/cne.10709
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ispartof Journal of comparative neurology (1911), 2003-09, Vol.464 (3), p.257-268
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subjects amphibia
Animals
Anura
Axons - physiology
Calcium - metabolism
calcium imaging
glia
Immunohistochemistry
Intracellular Membranes - metabolism
Larva - anatomy & histology
Larva - metabolism
Microscopy, Confocal
mitral cells
Odorants
Olfactory Bulb - anatomy & histology
Olfactory Bulb - growth & development
Olfactory Bulb - metabolism
olfactory receptor neurons
Olfactory Receptor Neurons - physiology
Olfactory Receptor Neurons - ultrastructure
Osmolar Concentration
periglomerular cells
synaptophysin
Xenopus laevis
Xenopus laevis - anatomy & histology
Xenopus laevis - growth & development
Xenopus laevis - metabolism
title Organization of glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis tadpoles
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