A Second Canon: Functions and Mechanisms of β-Catenin-Independent Wnt Signaling

More is becoming known about so-called noncanonical Wnt pathways that signal independently of β-catenin. Here we review recent developments in both the functions and mechanisms of noncanonical Wnt signaling. We also discuss some unresolved and vexing questions. How many noncanonical Wnt pathways are...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Developmental Cell 2003-09, Vol.5 (3), p.367-377
Main Authors: Veeman, Michael T, Axelrod, Jeffrey D, Moon, Randall T
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
beta Catenin
Calcium - metabolism
Cytoskeletal Proteins - physiology
Drosophila
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Insect Proteins - classification
Insect Proteins - physiology
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - classification
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - physiology
Signal Transduction - physiology
Trans-Activators - physiology
Wnt Proteins
Zebrafish Proteins
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Description
Summary:More is becoming known about so-called noncanonical Wnt pathways that signal independently of β-catenin. Here we review recent developments in both the functions and mechanisms of noncanonical Wnt signaling. We also discuss some unresolved and vexing questions. How many noncanonical Wnt pathways are there? How extensive are the parallels between Drosophila planar polarization and vertebrate convergence and extension? Last, we will outline some challenges and difficulties we foresee for this exciting but still very young field.
ISSN:1534-5807
1878-1551
DOI:10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00266-1