Brackish Karstic Springs Model: Application to Almiros Spring in Crete

A mathematical model is proposed to simulate brackish karstic springs. Rainfall data constitutes model input information while output information is the discharge and the chloride concentration of the water versus time. The model was constructed by considering the mass and mechanical energy balance...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ground water 2003-09, Vol.41 (5), p.608-619
Main Authors: Maramathas, Athanasios, Maroulis, Zacharias, Marinos-Kouris, Dimitrios
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chlorine
Fresh Water
Greece
Greece, Crete, Heraklion
Groundwater
Groundwater flow
Hydrogeology
Mathematical models
Models, Theoretical
Natural resources
Rain
Reservoirs
Seawater
Springs
Water Movements
Water Supply
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Summary:A mathematical model is proposed to simulate brackish karstic springs. Rainfall data constitutes model input information while output information is the discharge and the chloride concentration of the water versus time. The model was constructed by considering the mass and mechanical energy balance on the hydrodynamic analog, which includes three reservoirs outflowing in a tube that lies adjacent to the spring. Two reservoirs emulate the karstic system, and the third one emulates the sea. The discharge of the spring is given by the sum of the discharge of the reservoirs, and the chloride concentration by the solution of the mixing problem between the fresh and the salty water, which exists in the tube leading to the spring. The model is applied to the spring of Almiros at Heraklion, Crete, Greece. The agreement between model values and field measurements is very good for depletion periods and satisfactory for recharge periods.
ISSN:0017-467X
1745-6584
DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02399.x