Molecular Analysis of Rubella Virus Epidemiology across Three Continents, North America, Europe, and Asia, 1961–1997

E1 gene nucleotide sequences of 63 rubella virus isolates from North America, Europe, and Asia isolated between 1961 and 1997 were compared phylogenetically. Two genotypes were evident: Genotype I contained 60 viruses from North America, Europe, and Japan, and genotype II contained 3 viruses from Ch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 1998-09, Vol.178 (3), p.642-650
Main Authors: Frey, Teryl K., Abernathy, Emily S., Bosma, Trent J., Starkey, William G., Corbett, Karen M., Best, Jennifer M., Katow, Shigetaka, Weaver, Scott C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Asia - epidemiology
Attenuated vaccines
Biological and medical sciences
Congenital rubella syndrome
Epidemiology
Epitopes
Europe - epidemiology
Evolution
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genotypes
Humans
Major Articles
Microbiology
Molecular Sequence Data
North America - epidemiology
Nucleotides
Phylogeny
Rubella
Rubella - epidemiology
Rubella - virology
Rubella virus
Rubella virus - classification
Rubella virus - genetics
Rubella virus - isolation & purification
Vaccination
Viral Envelope Proteins - genetics
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:E1 gene nucleotide sequences of 63 rubella virus isolates from North America, Europe, and Asia isolated between 1961 and 1997 were compared phylogenetically. Two genotypes were evident: Genotype I contained 60 viruses from North America, Europe, and Japan, and genotype II contained 3 viruses from China and India. The genotype I isolates prior to 1970 grouped into a single diffuse clade, indicating intercontinental circulation, while most post-1975 viruses segregated into geographic clades from each continent, indicating evolution in response to vaccination programs. The E1 amino acid sequences differed by no more than 3%; thus, no major antigenic variation was apparent. Among 4 viruses from congenital rubella syndrome that occurred following reinfection, only one amino acid substitution occurred in several important epitopes, indicating that antigenic drift is not important in this phenomenon. However, 2 viruses isolated from chronic arthritis exhibited changes in these epitopes. Isolates of the RA 27/3 vaccine strain were readily identifiable by nucleotide sequence.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1086/515370