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Granzymes D, E, F, and G Are Regulated Through Pregnancy and by IL-2 and IL-15 in Granulated Metrial Gland Cells
Granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells are NK cells that proliferate and differentiate within the murine uterus during pregnancy. They have been predicted to play important roles in nurturing the embryo, normal placentation, and uterine tissue remodeling. GMG cell differentiation is manifested by the...
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Published in: | The Journal of immunology (1950) 1998-09, Vol.161 (6), p.2772-2779 |
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creator | Allen, Melissa P Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit |
description | Granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells are NK cells that proliferate and differentiate within the murine uterus during pregnancy. They have been predicted to play important roles in nurturing the embryo, normal placentation, and uterine tissue remodeling. GMG cell differentiation is manifested by the accumulation of the cytolytic mediators, perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B, within cytoplasmic granules. The signaling mechanisms required for GMG cell differentiation are largely unknown, although recent in vitro assays have implicated IL-15 in these events. In this report, we demonstrate that granzymes D, E, F, and G (granzymes D-G) are also expressed in GMG cells but at a later stage in pregnancy when compared with granzyme A expression. Whereas granzyme A is expressed in early to mid-gestation, the expression of granzymes D-G peak in mid- to late gestation. In addition, we show that the expression patterns of IL-2Rbeta and the IL-2Rgamma mRNAs overlap with that of granzyme D-G mRNAs in the pregnant uterus. Finally, we demonstrate that granzymes D-G are up-regulated by IL-2 and IL-15 in primary cultures containing GMG cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-2 and/or IL-15 may regulate GMG cell differentiation in vivo, and that granzymes D-G may have different functions than granzyme A during pregnancy. |
doi_str_mv | 10.4049/jimmunol.161.6.2772 |
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They have been predicted to play important roles in nurturing the embryo, normal placentation, and uterine tissue remodeling. GMG cell differentiation is manifested by the accumulation of the cytolytic mediators, perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B, within cytoplasmic granules. The signaling mechanisms required for GMG cell differentiation are largely unknown, although recent in vitro assays have implicated IL-15 in these events. In this report, we demonstrate that granzymes D, E, F, and G (granzymes D-G) are also expressed in GMG cells but at a later stage in pregnancy when compared with granzyme A expression. Whereas granzyme A is expressed in early to mid-gestation, the expression of granzymes D-G peak in mid- to late gestation. In addition, we show that the expression patterns of IL-2Rbeta and the IL-2Rgamma mRNAs overlap with that of granzyme D-G mRNAs in the pregnant uterus. Finally, we demonstrate that granzymes D-G are up-regulated by IL-2 and IL-15 in primary cultures containing GMG cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-2 and/or IL-15 may regulate GMG cell differentiation in vivo, and that granzymes D-G may have different functions than granzyme A during pregnancy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1767</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1550-6606</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.6.2772</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9743335</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Am Assoc Immnol</publisher><subject>Animals ; Culture Techniques ; Cytoplasmic Granules - enzymology ; Cytoplasmic Granules - immunology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Granzymes ; Interleukin-15 - physiology ; Interleukin-2 - metabolism ; Interleukin-2 - physiology ; Metrial Gland - cytology ; Metrial Gland - enzymology ; Metrial Gland - immunology ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal - immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 - biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis ; Serine Endopeptidases - biosynthesis ; Serine Endopeptidases - genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases - metabolism ; Uterus - metabolism</subject><ispartof>The Journal of immunology (1950), 1998-09, Vol.161 (6), p.2772-2779</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-aec40dc915f81ff9c9c975208fae9a6f3654dbe001f07008248dc72bd7b5df803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-aec40dc915f81ff9c9c975208fae9a6f3654dbe001f07008248dc72bd7b5df803</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743335$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Allen, Melissa P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit</creatorcontrib><title>Granzymes D, E, F, and G Are Regulated Through Pregnancy and by IL-2 and IL-15 in Granulated Metrial Gland Cells</title><title>The Journal of immunology (1950)</title><addtitle>J Immunol</addtitle><description>Granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells are NK cells that proliferate and differentiate within the murine uterus during pregnancy. They have been predicted to play important roles in nurturing the embryo, normal placentation, and uterine tissue remodeling. GMG cell differentiation is manifested by the accumulation of the cytolytic mediators, perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B, within cytoplasmic granules. The signaling mechanisms required for GMG cell differentiation are largely unknown, although recent in vitro assays have implicated IL-15 in these events. In this report, we demonstrate that granzymes D, E, F, and G (granzymes D-G) are also expressed in GMG cells but at a later stage in pregnancy when compared with granzyme A expression. Whereas granzyme A is expressed in early to mid-gestation, the expression of granzymes D-G peak in mid- to late gestation. In addition, we show that the expression patterns of IL-2Rbeta and the IL-2Rgamma mRNAs overlap with that of granzyme D-G mRNAs in the pregnant uterus. Finally, we demonstrate that granzymes D-G are up-regulated by IL-2 and IL-15 in primary cultures containing GMG cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-2 and/or IL-15 may regulate GMG cell differentiation in vivo, and that granzymes D-G may have different functions than granzyme A during pregnancy.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Culture Techniques</subject><subject>Cytoplasmic Granules - enzymology</subject><subject>Cytoplasmic Granules - immunology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gestational Age</subject><subject>Granzymes</subject><subject>Interleukin-15 - physiology</subject><subject>Interleukin-2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin-2 - physiology</subject><subject>Metrial Gland - cytology</subject><subject>Metrial Gland - enzymology</subject><subject>Metrial Gland - immunology</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy, Animal - immunology</subject><subject>Receptors, Interleukin-2 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Serine Endopeptidases - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Serine Endopeptidases - genetics</subject><subject>Serine Endopeptidases - metabolism</subject><subject>Uterus - metabolism</subject><issn>0022-1767</issn><issn>1550-6606</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU9P20AQxVcVFaS0nwAh7QkucZj9bx9RCClSEKii59Xa3k2M1nbYjRWFT8-GpFVv1RxmpPm9p9E8hC4ITDjw4ua1aduh6_2ESDKRE6oU_YJGRAjIpAR5gkYAlGZESXWGvsX4CgASKD9Fp4XijDExQut5MN37rrUR343xbIzvx9h0NZ7j22DxL7scvNnYGr-sQj8sV_g52GVnumr3SZU7_LDI6OecBiJw0-G941H1aDehMR7P_Z6YWu_jd_TVGR_tj2M_R7_vZy_Tn9niaf4wvV1kFZNskxlbcairggiXE-eKKpUSFHJnbGGkY1LwurQAxIECyCnP60rRslalqF0O7BxdHXzXoX8bbNzotolVusB0th-iVqwgnHH6X5BIkb6YywSyA1iFPsZgnV6HpjVhpwnofSD6TyBJQ7TU-0CS6vJoP5Strf9qjgmk_fVhv2qWq20TrI6t8T7RRG-323-cPgCd_JO0</recordid><startdate>19980915</startdate><enddate>19980915</enddate><creator>Allen, Melissa P</creator><creator>Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit</creator><general>Am Assoc Immnol</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980915</creationdate><title>Granzymes D, E, F, and G Are Regulated Through Pregnancy and by IL-2 and IL-15 in Granulated Metrial Gland Cells</title><author>Allen, Melissa P ; Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-aec40dc915f81ff9c9c975208fae9a6f3654dbe001f07008248dc72bd7b5df803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Culture Techniques</topic><topic>Cytoplasmic Granules - enzymology</topic><topic>Cytoplasmic Granules - immunology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gestational Age</topic><topic>Granzymes</topic><topic>Interleukin-15 - physiology</topic><topic>Interleukin-2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Interleukin-2 - physiology</topic><topic>Metrial Gland - cytology</topic><topic>Metrial Gland - enzymology</topic><topic>Metrial Gland - immunology</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy, Animal - immunology</topic><topic>Receptors, Interleukin-2 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Serine Endopeptidases - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Serine Endopeptidases - genetics</topic><topic>Serine Endopeptidases - metabolism</topic><topic>Uterus - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Allen, Melissa P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of immunology (1950)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Allen, Melissa P</au><au>Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Granzymes D, E, F, and G Are Regulated Through Pregnancy and by IL-2 and IL-15 in Granulated Metrial Gland Cells</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of immunology (1950)</jtitle><addtitle>J Immunol</addtitle><date>1998-09-15</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>161</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2772</spage><epage>2779</epage><pages>2772-2779</pages><issn>0022-1767</issn><eissn>1550-6606</eissn><abstract>Granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells are NK cells that proliferate and differentiate within the murine uterus during pregnancy. They have been predicted to play important roles in nurturing the embryo, normal placentation, and uterine tissue remodeling. GMG cell differentiation is manifested by the accumulation of the cytolytic mediators, perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B, within cytoplasmic granules. The signaling mechanisms required for GMG cell differentiation are largely unknown, although recent in vitro assays have implicated IL-15 in these events. In this report, we demonstrate that granzymes D, E, F, and G (granzymes D-G) are also expressed in GMG cells but at a later stage in pregnancy when compared with granzyme A expression. Whereas granzyme A is expressed in early to mid-gestation, the expression of granzymes D-G peak in mid- to late gestation. In addition, we show that the expression patterns of IL-2Rbeta and the IL-2Rgamma mRNAs overlap with that of granzyme D-G mRNAs in the pregnant uterus. Finally, we demonstrate that granzymes D-G are up-regulated by IL-2 and IL-15 in primary cultures containing GMG cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-2 and/or IL-15 may regulate GMG cell differentiation in vivo, and that granzymes D-G may have different functions than granzyme A during pregnancy.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Am Assoc Immnol</pub><pmid>9743335</pmid><doi>10.4049/jimmunol.161.6.2772</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Culture Techniques Cytoplasmic Granules - enzymology Cytoplasmic Granules - immunology Female Gestational Age Granzymes Interleukin-15 - physiology Interleukin-2 - metabolism Interleukin-2 - physiology Metrial Gland - cytology Metrial Gland - enzymology Metrial Gland - immunology Mice Pregnancy Pregnancy, Animal - immunology Receptors, Interleukin-2 - biosynthesis RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis Serine Endopeptidases - biosynthesis Serine Endopeptidases - genetics Serine Endopeptidases - metabolism Uterus - metabolism |
title | Granzymes D, E, F, and G Are Regulated Through Pregnancy and by IL-2 and IL-15 in Granulated Metrial Gland Cells |
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