Age-related performance of human subjects on saccadic eye movement tasks

• Published in: Experimental brain research 1998-08, Vol.121 (4), p.391-400
• Main Authors: MUNOZ, D. P, BROUGHTON, J. R, GOLDRING, J. E, ARMSTRONG, I. T
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision; Female; Fixation, Ocular - physiology; Frontal Lobe - cytology; Frontal Lobe - growth & development; Frontal Lobe - physiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychomotor Performance - physiology; Reaction Time - physiology; Saccades - physiology; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
• ISSN: 0014-4819; 1432-1106
• DOI: 10.1007/s002210050473

We measured saccadic eye movements in 168 normal human subjects, ranging in age from 5 to 79 years, to determine age-related changes in saccadic task performance. Subjects were instructed to look either toward (pro-saccade task) or away from (anti-saccade task) an eccentric target under different conditions of fixation. We quantified the percentage of direction errors, the time to onset of the eye movement (saccadic reaction time: SRT), and the metrics and dynamics of the movement itself (amplitude, peak velocity, duration) for subjects in different age groups. Young children (5-8 years of age) had slow SRTs, great intra-subject variance in SRT, and the most direction errors in the anti-saccade task. Young adults (20-30 years of age) typically had the fastest SRTs and lowest intra-subject variance in SRT. Elderly subjects (60-79 years of age) had slower SRTs and longer duration saccades than other subject groups. These results demonstrate very strong age-related effects in subject performance, which may reflect different stages of normal development and degeneration in the nervous system. We attribute the dramatic improvement in performance in the anti-saccade task that occurs between the ages of 5-15 years to delayed maturation of the frontal lobes.