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Chemical complexity in the winds of the oxygen-rich supergiant star VY Canis Majoris
The interstellar medium is enriched primarily by matter ejected from old, evolved stars. The outflows from these stars create spherical envelopes, which foster gas-phase chemistry. The chemical complexity in circumstellar shells was originally thought to be dominated by the elemental carbon to oxyge...
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| Published in: | Nature 2007-06, Vol.447 (7148), p.1094-1097 |
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| creator | Woolf, N. J Ziurys, L. M Milam, S. N Apponi, A. J |
| description | The interstellar medium is enriched primarily by matter ejected from old, evolved stars. The outflows from these stars create spherical envelopes, which foster gas-phase chemistry. The chemical complexity in circumstellar shells was originally thought to be dominated by the elemental carbon to oxygen ratio. Observations have suggested that envelopes with more carbon than oxygen have a significantly greater abundance of molecules than their oxygen-rich analogues. Here we report observations of molecules in the oxygen-rich shell of the red supergiant star VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). A variety of unexpected chemical compounds have been identified, including NaCl, PN, HNC and HCO+. From the spectral line profiles, the molecules can be distinguished as arising from three distinct kinematic regions: a spherical outflow, a tightly collimated, blue-shifted expansion, and a directed, red-shifted flow. Certain species (SiO, PN and NaCl) exclusively trace the spherical flow, whereas HNC and sulphur-bearing molecules (amongst others) are selectively created in the two expansions, perhaps arising from shock waves. CO, HCN, CS and HCO+ exist in all three components. Despite the oxygen-rich environment, HCN seems to be as abundant as CO. These results suggest that oxygen-rich shells may be as chemically diverse as their carbon counterparts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nature05905 |
| format | article |
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From the spectral line profiles, the molecules can be distinguished as arising from three distinct kinematic regions: a spherical outflow, a tightly collimated, blue-shifted expansion, and a directed, red-shifted flow. Certain species (SiO, PN and NaCl) exclusively trace the spherical flow, whereas HNC and sulphur-bearing molecules (amongst others) are selectively created in the two expansions, perhaps arising from shock waves. CO, HCN, CS and HCO+ exist in all three components. Despite the oxygen-rich environment, HCN seems to be as abundant as CO. 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J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziurys, L. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milam, S. N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Apponi, A. J</creatorcontrib><title>Chemical complexity in the winds of the oxygen-rich supergiant star VY Canis Majoris</title><title>Nature</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>The interstellar medium is enriched primarily by matter ejected from old, evolved stars. The outflows from these stars create spherical envelopes, which foster gas-phase chemistry. The chemical complexity in circumstellar shells was originally thought to be dominated by the elemental carbon to oxygen ratio. Observations have suggested that envelopes with more carbon than oxygen have a significantly greater abundance of molecules than their oxygen-rich analogues. Here we report observations of molecules in the oxygen-rich shell of the red supergiant star VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Woolf, N. J</au><au>Ziurys, L. M</au><au>Milam, S. N</au><au>Apponi, A. J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chemical complexity in the winds of the oxygen-rich supergiant star VY Canis Majoris</atitle><jtitle>Nature</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2007-06-28</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>447</volume><issue>7148</issue><spage>1094</spage><epage>1097</epage><pages>1094-1097</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><eissn>1476-4679</eissn><coden>NATUAS</coden><abstract>The interstellar medium is enriched primarily by matter ejected from old, evolved stars. The outflows from these stars create spherical envelopes, which foster gas-phase chemistry. The chemical complexity in circumstellar shells was originally thought to be dominated by the elemental carbon to oxygen ratio. Observations have suggested that envelopes with more carbon than oxygen have a significantly greater abundance of molecules than their oxygen-rich analogues. Here we report observations of molecules in the oxygen-rich shell of the red supergiant star VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). A variety of unexpected chemical compounds have been identified, including NaCl, PN, HNC and HCO+. From the spectral line profiles, the molecules can be distinguished as arising from three distinct kinematic regions: a spherical outflow, a tightly collimated, blue-shifted expansion, and a directed, red-shifted flow. Certain species (SiO, PN and NaCl) exclusively trace the spherical flow, whereas HNC and sulphur-bearing molecules (amongst others) are selectively created in the two expansions, perhaps arising from shock waves. CO, HCN, CS and HCO+ exist in all three components. Despite the oxygen-rich environment, HCN seems to be as abundant as CO. These results suggest that oxygen-rich shells may be as chemically diverse as their carbon counterparts.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>17597755</pmid><doi>10.1038/nature05905</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nature, 2007-06, Vol.447 (7148), p.1094-1097 |
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| subjects | Arizona Astronomy Astrophysics Carbon Carbon monoxide Chemical compounds Chemical properties Chemistry Circumstellar shells, clouds, and expanding envelopes. Circumstellar masers Complexity Earth, ocean, space Envelopes Exact sciences and technology Extraterrestrial Environment - chemistry Giant stars Humanities and Social Sciences Isomerism Kinematics letter Molecules multidisciplinary Normal stars (by class): general or individual Outflow Oxygen Oxygen - analysis Science Shells Shock waves Sodium chloride Stars Stellar characteristics and properties Supergiant stars Wind |
| title | Chemical complexity in the winds of the oxygen-rich supergiant star VY Canis Majoris |
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