Host plants influence parasitism of forest caterpillars

• Published in: Nature (London) 2002-05, Vol.417 (6885), p.170-173
• Main Authors: Lill, J. T, Marquis, R. J, Ricklefs, R. E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Biology; Butterflies - classification; Butterflies - growth & development; Butterflies - physiology; Chi-Square Distribution; Databases as Topic; Flowers & plants; Food resources; Forests; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Herbivores; Host plants; Host-Parasite Interactions; Insects; Larva - classification; Larva - physiology; Lepidoptera; Moths - classification; Moths - growth & development; Moths - physiology; Parasites; Parasitism; Plant species; Plants - classification; Plants - parasitology; Synecology; Temperate forests; Terrestrial ecosystems; Trees - classification; Trees - parasitology; Trophic levels
• ISSN: 0028-0836; 1476-4687
• DOI: 10.1038/417170a

Patterns of association between herbivores and host plants have been thought to reflect the quality of plants as food resources as influenced by plant nutrient composition, defences, and phenology. Host-plant-specific enemies, that is, the third trophic level, might also influence the distribution of herbivores across plant species. However, studies of the evolution of herbivore host range have generally not examined the third trophic level, leaving unclear the importance of this factor in the evolution of plant-insect herbivore interactions. Analysis of parasitoid rearings by the Canadian Forest Insect Survey shows that parasitism of particular Lepidoptera species is strongly host-plant-dependent, that the pattern of host-plant dependence varies among species of caterpillars, and that some parasitoid species are themselves specialized with respect to tree species. Host-plant-dependent parasitism suggests the possibility of top-down influence on host plant use. Differences in parasitism among particular caterpillar-host plant combinations could select for specialization of host plant ranges within caterpillar communities. Such specialization would ultimately promote the species diversification of Lepidoptera in temperate forests with respect to escape from enemies.