Nuclear Reprogramming in Cells

Nuclear reprogramming describes a switch in gene expression of one kind of cell to that of another unrelated cell type. Early studies in frog cloning provided some of the first experimental evidence for reprogramming. Subsequent procedures included mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2008-12, Vol.322 (5909), p.1811-1815
Main Authors: Gurdon, J.B, Melton, D.A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anura
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Dedifferentiation
Cell Differentiation
Cell Fusion
Cell Lineage
Cell lines
Cell nucleus
Cellular biology
Cellular differentiation
Cellular Reprogramming
Cloning, Organism
DNA - metabolism
DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Embryonic cells
Embryonic Stem Cells - cytology
Embryonic Stem Cells - physiology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression
Genetic engineering
Humans
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Male
Molecular and cellular biology
Molecular biology
Neurons
Nuclear Transfer Techniques
Oocytes - cytology
Pluripotent stem cells
Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology
Pluripotent Stem Cells - physiology
Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Review
Somatic cells
Stem cells
Totipotent stem cells
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - metabolism
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Summary:Nuclear reprogramming describes a switch in gene expression of one kind of cell to that of another unrelated cell type. Early studies in frog cloning provided some of the first experimental evidence for reprogramming. Subsequent procedures included mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, induction of pluripotency by ectopic gene expression, and direct reprogramming. Through these methods it becomes possible to derive one kind of specialized cell (such as a brain cell) from another, more accessible, tissue (such as skin) in the same individual. This has potential applications for cell replacement without the immunosuppression treatments that are required when cells are transferred between genetically different individuals. This article provides some background to this field, a discussion of mechanisms and efficiency, and comments on prospects for future nuclear reprogramming research.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1160810