Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways

Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family recognize conserved microbial structures, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide and viral double-stranded RNA, and activate signaling pathways that result in immune responses against microbial infections. All TLRs activate MyD88-dependent pathways to ind...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2003-06, Vol.300 (5625), p.1524-1525
Main Authors: Barton, Gregory M., Medzhitov, Ruslan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actins
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Animals
Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism
Cells
Chemotactic factors
Gene expression regulation
Immune response
Immunity, Active
Immunity, Innate
Immunology
Infection - immunology
Infection - metabolism
Inflammation
Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases
Laboratory Procedures
Logical Thinking
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Membrane Glycoproteins - chemistry
Membrane Glycoproteins - metabolism
Microbiology
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
Neutrophils
NF-kappa B - metabolism
Protein Kinases - metabolism
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Receptors
Receptors, Cell Surface - chemistry
Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism
Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism
Signal Transduction
T lymphocytes
Toll like receptors
Viewpoints
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Summary:Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family recognize conserved microbial structures, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide and viral double-stranded RNA, and activate signaling pathways that result in immune responses against microbial infections. All TLRs activate MyD88-dependent pathways to induce a core set of stereotyped responses, such as inflammation. However, individual TLRs can also induce immune responses that are tailored to a given microbial infection. Thus, these receptors are involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. The mechanisms and components of these varied responses are only partly understood. Given the importance of TLRs in host defense, dissection of the pathways they activate has become an important emerging research focus. TLRs and their pathways are numerous; Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment's TLR Connections Map provides an immediate, clear overview of the known components and relations of this complex system.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1085536