Dur’ngoi ophiolite in East Kunlun, Northeast Tibetan plateau: Evidence for paleo-Tethyan suture in Northwest China

• Published in: Journal of earth science (Wuhan, China) China), 2009-04, Vol.20 (2), p.303-331
• Main Authors: Yang, Jingsui, Shi, Rendeng, Wu, Cailai, Wang, Xibin, Robinson, Paul T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Basalt; Biogeosciences; Carboniferous; Crystallization; Dikes; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth science; Earth Sciences; Geochemistry; Geology; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Island arcs; Metamorphic rocks; Mountains; Ocean basins; Oceanic crust; Oceanography; Paleoceanography; Permian; Plate tectonics; Rocks; Shellfish; Stratigraphy; Triassic
• ISSN: 1674-487X; 1867-111X
• DOI: 10.1007/s12583-009-0027-y

The A’nyemaqen (阿尼玛卿) ophiolite belt along the southern margin of the East Kunlun (昆仑) Mountains marks the suture formed by the closure of paleo-Tethys. The Dur’ngoi ophiolite in the eastern part of this belt consists of meta-peridotite, mafic-ultramafic cumulates, sheeted dikes and basaltic lavas. The meta-peridotites consist of dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, feldspar-bearing lherzolite and garnet-bearing lherzolite and contain residual spinel with Cr # [100×Cr/(Cr+Al)] ranging from 30 to 57 and Mg # [100×Mg/(Mg+Fe 2+ )] ranging from 50 to 75, indicating an Al- and Mg-rich series. The meta-peridotites have a relatively narrow range of composition with Mg# of 89.2–92.6, Al 2 O 3 contents of (1–4) wt.% and slightly depleted chondrite normalized REE patterns, indicating that they represent relict mantle material that has undergone intermediate to low degrees of partial melting. Garnets in the lherzolite are andradite, enriched in Ca and Fe and depleted in Mg and Al (And=95–97, Pyr=0.3–5, Gro=0–3), indicating a metamorphic origin. The cumulate rocks mainly consist of dunite, wehrlite, pyroxenite and gabbro. A well-layered gabbro-pyroxenite complex is defined by modal variations in plagioclase and pyroxene. Blocks of garnet-pyroxenite or rodingite are locally present in the meta-peridotites. Garnets in the cumulate rocks are grossular (Gro=69–90, And=9–19, Br=1–12), also metamorphic origin. The diabase dikes are moderately depleted in LREE [(La/Sm)N=0.5–0.8] and HREE resulting in slightly convex chondrite-normalized patterns with slightly positive Eu anomalies ( δ Eu=1.1–1.3). The basaltic lavas have REE patterns similar to those of MORB with (La/Sm) N ratios of 0.5–1 and small negative Eu anomalies. They appear to have been derived from a depleted mantle source and to have undergone little or no differentiation during crystallization. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the basalts yields 206 Pb/ 238 U ages of 276–319 Ma (average 308.0±4.9 Ma). The Dur’ngoi ophiolite is interpreted as a dismembered fragment of paleo-oceanic crust emplaced during closure of the paleo-Tethyan Ocean basin. Three other suites of oceanic lavas are recognized in the area: island arc volcanic (IAV) rocks, possible back arc basin (BAB) basalts and possible post-collisional volcanic (PCV) and plutonic rocks. The distribution of these rocks suggests north-directed subduction. Opening of the A’nyemaqen oceanic basin started at least as early as Late Carboniferous (308 Ma) and the basin