Where Self-Control Comes From: On the Development of Self-Control and Its Relationship to Deviance Over Time

• Published in: Developmental psychology 2010-01, Vol.46 (1), p.245-257
• Main Authors: Vazsonyi, Alexander T, Huang, Li
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activity levels. Psychomotricity; Age Differences; Age Factors; Antisocial Behavior; Biological and medical sciences; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child Behavior Disorders - psychology; Child Development; Child Development - physiology; Child Health; Child, Preschool; Childhood Development; Children; Children & youth; Crime; Criminality; Data collection; Delinquency; Developmental psychology; Deviance; Discipline; Family; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Grade 3; Grade 5; Human; Human development; Humans; Internal-External Control; Juvenile Delinquency; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Parent Child Relationship; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parenting Styles; Prediction; Psychological Theory; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Psychometrics; Self Concept; Self Control; Self Management; Self-evaluation; Self-perception; Self-Regulation; Selfcontrol; Statistical Analysis; Statistics as Topic; Structural Equation Modeling; Structural Equation Models; Surveys; Theories; Time; Variability; Violence
• ISSN: 0012-1649; 1939-0599
• DOI: 10.1037/a0016538

The current study tested a set of interrelated theoretical propositions based on self-control theory ( M. R. Gottfredson & T. Hirschi 1990 ). Data were collected on 1,155 children at 4.5 years, at 8.5 years (3rd grade), and at 10.5 years (5th grade) as part of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development longitudinal study over a 6-year period. Findings based on simple structural equation models and latent growth modeling of developmental trajectories suggest that (a) there was great construct stability of self-control and deviance over the 6-year period, (b) there was positive growth in self-control trajectory over time, (c) parenting predicted this trajectory but also explained variability in self-control at initial status, (d) there was a declining deviance trajectory over time, (e) self-control at initial status reduced the unexplained deviance variance by 44.8%, and (f) both the intercept and slope factors shared about 75% of the variance based on growth-to-growth curve predictive models of self-control and deviance. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for self-control theory and future empirical work.