The effects of anthropogenic global changes on immune functions and disease resistance

Humans are changing the environmental conditions of our planet, and animal immune functions are being affected by these modifications. For instance, a diversity of chemical contaminants is entering ecosystems and modifying immune functions directly or indirectly through altered host–parasite interac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010-05, Vol.1195 (1), p.129-148
Main Authors: Martin, Lynn B., Hopkins, William A., Mydlarz, Laura D., Rohr, Jason R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Climate Change
disease
Ecosystem
Environmental Pollutants - adverse effects
Environmental Pollutants - immunology
health
Host-Parasite Interactions - drug effects
Host-Parasite Interactions - immunology
Humans
Immune system
immunocompetence
Native species
parasite
Stress, Physiological - drug effects
Stress, Physiological - immunology
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Summary:Humans are changing the environmental conditions of our planet, and animal immune functions are being affected by these modifications. For instance, a diversity of chemical contaminants is entering ecosystems and modifying immune functions directly or indirectly through altered host–parasite interactions. Also, global temperature changes have caused outbreaks of disease that have decimated and even extirpated some host species, outcomes partially driven via immune alterations. Finally, some invasive species are immunologically distinct or impose stress on native species, factors that may facilitate the establishment of nonnative hosts as well as parasite transmission to native species. Here, we summarize the known and likely effects of pollutants, nonnative species introductions, and increases in ambient temperature on host immune functions and infections. We then identify future directions for research given our sparse knowledge of immune variation in natural populations. In sum, we advocate integrative, multidisciplinary work at diverse spatial and temporal scales to assess and prevent anthropogenic global changes from further compromising animal immune functions.
ISSN:0077-8923
1749-6632
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05454.x