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Development of a Homogeneous Immunoassay for the Detection of Zolpidem in Urine

Sleep disorders are common conditions that affect about 40 million people in the U.S every year, the most common of which is insomnia, which is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. Zolpidem (Ambien®) is a non-benzodiazepine prescription drug that is used to treat insomnia and is of...

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Published in:Journal of analytical toxicology 2009-10, Vol.33 (8), p.486-490
Main Authors: Huynh, Kim, Wang, Guohong, Moore, Christine, Barhate, Rehka, Coulter, Cynthia, Rodrigues, Warren, Catbagan, Philip, Soares, James
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container_end_page 490
container_issue 8
container_start_page 486
container_title Journal of analytical toxicology
container_volume 33
creator Huynh, Kim
Wang, Guohong
Moore, Christine
Barhate, Rehka
Coulter, Cynthia
Rodrigues, Warren
Catbagan, Philip
Soares, James
description Sleep disorders are common conditions that affect about 40 million people in the U.S every year, the most common of which is insomnia, which is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. Zolpidem (Ambien®) is a non-benzodiazepine prescription drug that is used to treat insomnia and is often preferred over the commonly used benzodiazepines due to a lesser side effect profile. This is because the non-benzodiazepine binding is more selective to GABA-A receptors versus the non-selective binding of benzodiazepines. With the increasing popularity of non-benzodiazepines, drug abuse and driving-while-impaired cases involving sleep-inducing drugs have risen. Therefore, a highly sensitive and rapid homogeneous immunoassay (EMIT-type assay) has been developed for the detection of zolpidem in urine. The zolpidem antibody is highly specific and does not cross-react with other newer sleep aids such as zopiclone and zaleplon. This assay has a detection limit of 5 ng/mL for zolpidem in urine. Further evaluation of this assay using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) analysis of authentic urine samples demonstrated that the accuracy of the assay is greater than 90%. Because this assay is designed to measure the non-conjugated drug in urine, it resulted in simplification for gas chromatography-MS or LC-MS-MS confirmation methods that do not require urine hydrolysis before solid-phase extraction or liquid-liquid extraction.
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Zolpidem (Ambien®) is a non-benzodiazepine prescription drug that is used to treat insomnia and is often preferred over the commonly used benzodiazepines due to a lesser side effect profile. This is because the non-benzodiazepine binding is more selective to GABA-A receptors versus the non-selective binding of benzodiazepines. With the increasing popularity of non-benzodiazepines, drug abuse and driving-while-impaired cases involving sleep-inducing drugs have risen. Therefore, a highly sensitive and rapid homogeneous immunoassay (EMIT-type assay) has been developed for the detection of zolpidem in urine. The zolpidem antibody is highly specific and does not cross-react with other newer sleep aids such as zopiclone and zaleplon. This assay has a detection limit of 5 ng/mL for zolpidem in urine. 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subjects Acetamides - immunology
Acetamides - urine
Azabicyclo Compounds - immunology
Azabicyclo Compounds - urine
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Cross Reactions
Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives - administration & dosage
Hypnotics and Sedatives - immunology
Hypnotics and Sedatives - urine
Piperazines - immunology
Piperazines - urine
Predictive Value of Tests
Pyridines - administration & dosage
Pyridines - immunology
Pyridines - urine
Pyrimidines - immunology
Pyrimidines - urine
Reproducibility of Results
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - methods
Substance Abuse Detection - methods
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Zolpidem
title Development of a Homogeneous Immunoassay for the Detection of Zolpidem in Urine
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