Failure of 9Cr-1Mo tubes in a feed furnace of dehydrogenation unit

The successful uses of 9Cr-1Mo steel in boilers, superheaters and furnaces have been well established; however, the unusual failure of this material in a feed furnace of dehydrogenation unit in linear alkyl benzene plant is reported here. Extensive experiments such as chemical composition examinatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The International journal of pressure vessels and piping 1997-12, Vol.74 (3), p.199-204
Main Authors: Ju, Guo-Zhong, Wu, Wang-Zhou, Dai, Shu-Ho
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Carbides
Carburizing
Chemical plants
Corrosion
Corrosion environments
Crack initiation
Decomposition
Dehydrogenation
Energy
Exact sciences and technology
Fractures
Fuel processing. Carbochemistry and petrochemistry
Fuels
Furnaces
Gas processing
Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology
Metals. Metallurgy
Pitting
Steel corrosion
Stresses
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Summary:The successful uses of 9Cr-1Mo steel in boilers, superheaters and furnaces have been well established; however, the unusual failure of this material in a feed furnace of dehydrogenation unit in linear alkyl benzene plant is reported here. Extensive experiments such as chemical composition examination, macro inspection, metallurgical observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis, together with mechanical tests, were conducted on the failed material and the results are presented. The failure described as pitting and cracking of the 9Cr-1Mo tubes is stated to be caused by serious carburization combined with hydrogen corrosion. The great stresses developed by volume changes in the carburization of the metal as well as the decomposition of the carbides are believed to be largely responsible for the pitting and cracking of the tubes.
ISSN:0308-0161
1879-3541
DOI:10.1016/S0308-0161(97)00088-4