Assessment of the Microbiological Safety of Edible Roasted Nut Kernels on Retail Sale in England, with a Focus on Salmonella

• Published in: Journal of food protection 2009-04, Vol.72 (4), p.853-855
• Main Authors: Little, C.L, Jemmott, W, Surman-Lee, S, Hucklesby, L, De Pinna, E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anacardium; Arachis hypogaea; bacterial contamination; Biological and medical sciences; Cooking; Corylus; critical control points; E coli; England; Environmental health; Escherichia coli; Food contamination & poisoning; Food industries; Food Microbiology; food pathogens; Food safety; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; HACCP; Health risks; Hygiene and safety; Infections; Juglans; Laboratories; Macadamia; Microbial contamination; microbiological quality; Nuts; Nuts - microbiology; Peanuts; Pollution prevention; processing stages; Prunus dulcis; Public Health; Quality standards; rapid methods; risk factors; roasting; Salmonella; Salmonella - isolation & purification; Salmonella havana; seeds; shelling
• ISSN: 0362-028X; 1944-9097
• DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-72.4.853

There is little published information on the prevalence of Salmonella in edible nut kernels. A study in early 2008 of edible roasted nut kernels on retail sale in England was undertaken to assess the microbiological safety of this product. A total of 727 nut kernel samples of different varieties were examined. Overall, Salmonella and Escherichia coli were detected from 0.2 and 0.4% of edible roasted nut kernels. Of the nut varieties examined, Salmonella Havana was detected from 1 (4.0%) sample of pistachio nuts, indicating a risk to health. The United Kingdom Food Standards Agency was immediately informed, and full investigations were undertaken. Further examination established the contamination to be associated with the pistachio kernels and not the partly opened shells. Salmonella was not detected in other varieties tested (almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia, peanuts, pecans, pine nuts, and walnuts). E. coli was found at low levels (range of 3.6 to 4/g) in walnuts (1.4%), almonds (1.2%), and Brazils (0.5%). The presence of Salmonella is unacceptable in edible nut kernels. Prevention of microbial contamination in these products lies in the application of good agricultural, manufacturing, and storage practices together with a hazard analysis and critical control points system that encompass all stages of production, processing, and distribution.