Waterborne disease in the United States, 1991 and 1992

For 1991 and 1992, 17 states and territories reported 34 outbreaks of disease associated with drinking water, which affected an estimated 17,464 people. A protozoal parasite (Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium) was identified as the etiologic agent for seven of the eleven outbreaks for which an agen...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - American Water Works Association 1994-02, Vol.86 (2), p.87-99
Main Authors: Moore, Anne C., Herwaldt, Barbara L., Craun, Gunther F., Calderon, Rebecca L., Highsmith, Anita K., Juranek, Dennis D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Cryptosporidium
Disease outbreaks
Diseases
Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination
Epidemiology
Etiology
Exact sciences and technology
Giardia
Groundwater
Management & Operations
Oocysts
Pollution
Potable water
Surface water
Surveys
Water pollution
Water quality
Water treatment and pollution
Waterborne Diseases
Citations: Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:For 1991 and 1992, 17 states and territories reported 34 outbreaks of disease associated with drinking water, which affected an estimated 17,464 people. A protozoal parasite (Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium) was identified as the etiologic agent for seven of the eleven outbreaks for which an agent was determined; the remaining four were due to hepatitis A, Shigella sonnet, or chemicals. A lack of treatment or inadequate treatment accounted for the majority of outbreaks, and most (76 percent) were associated with well water. In addition, eight states reported eleven outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with unintentional ingestion of recreational water. Six of these outbreaks were caused by Giardia or Cryptosporidium. Ongoing for 22 years, this national surveillance of waterborne disease helps to identify deficiencies in water systems and the etiologic agents associated with outbreaks.
ISSN:0003-150X
1551-8833
DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06155.x