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Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health
Body fat distribution is an important metabolic and cardiovascular risk factor, because the proportion of abdominal to gluteofemoral body fat correlates with obesity-associated diseases and mortality. Here, we review the evidence and possible mechanisms that support a specific protective role of glu...
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| Published in: | International Journal of Obesity 2010-06, Vol.34 (6), p.949-959 |
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| container_issue | 6 |
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| container_title | International Journal of Obesity |
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| creator | Manolopoulos, K.N Karpe, F Frayn, K.N |
| description | Body fat distribution is an important metabolic and cardiovascular risk factor, because the proportion of abdominal to gluteofemoral body fat correlates with obesity-associated diseases and mortality. Here, we review the evidence and possible mechanisms that support a specific protective role of gluteofemoral body fat. Population studies show that an increased gluteofemoral fat mass is independently associated with a protective lipid and glucose profile, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Studies of adipose tissue physiology in vitro and in vivo confirm distinct properties of the gluteofemoral fat depot with regards to lipolysis and fatty acid uptake: in day-to-day metabolism it appears to be more passive than the abdominal depot and it exerts its protective properties by long-term fatty acid storage. Further, a beneficial adipokine profile is associated with gluteofemoral fat. Leptin and adiponectin levels are positively associated with gluteofemoral fat while the level of inflammatory cytokines is negatively associated. Finally, loss of gluteofemoral fat, as observed in Cushing's syndrome and lipodystrophy is associated with an increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. This underlines gluteofemoral fat's role as a determinant of health by the long-term entrapment of excess fatty acids, thus protecting from the adverse effects associated with ectopic fat deposition. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/ijo.2009.286 |
| format | article |
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Here, we review the evidence and possible mechanisms that support a specific protective role of gluteofemoral body fat. Population studies show that an increased gluteofemoral fat mass is independently associated with a protective lipid and glucose profile, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Studies of adipose tissue physiology in vitro and in vivo confirm distinct properties of the gluteofemoral fat depot with regards to lipolysis and fatty acid uptake: in day-to-day metabolism it appears to be more passive than the abdominal depot and it exerts its protective properties by long-term fatty acid storage. Further, a beneficial adipokine profile is associated with gluteofemoral fat. Leptin and adiponectin levels are positively associated with gluteofemoral fat while the level of inflammatory cytokines is negatively associated. Finally, loss of gluteofemoral fat, as observed in Cushing's syndrome and lipodystrophy is associated with an increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. This underlines gluteofemoral fat's role as a determinant of health by the long-term entrapment of excess fatty acids, thus protecting from the adverse effects associated with ectopic fat deposition.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0307-0565</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5497</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.286</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20065965</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJOBDP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/443/319/1642/393 ; 631/443/319/2723 ; Abdomen ; abdominal fat ; Adipocytes ; adipokines ; Adipokines - metabolism ; adiponectin ; Adipose tissue ; Adipose Tissue - metabolism ; Adipose Tissue - physiology ; Adipose tissues ; Adult ; Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body fat ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body mass index ; Buttocks ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism ; Cholesterol ; Complications and side effects ; cytokines ; Diabetes ; Endocrinology ; Epidemiology ; Fatty acids ; Female ; glucocorticoids ; gluteofemoral body fat ; Health aspects ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ; Health risks ; High density lipoprotein ; Humans ; Insulin ; Internal Medicine ; leptin ; Leptin - metabolism ; lipid metabolism ; lipolysis ; literature reviews ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Mortality ; Obesity ; Obesity - complications ; Obesity - metabolism ; obesity-related diseases ; Overweight ; Physiology ; Population studies ; protective effect ; Public Health ; Public health. 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Here, we review the evidence and possible mechanisms that support a specific protective role of gluteofemoral body fat. Population studies show that an increased gluteofemoral fat mass is independently associated with a protective lipid and glucose profile, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Studies of adipose tissue physiology in vitro and in vivo confirm distinct properties of the gluteofemoral fat depot with regards to lipolysis and fatty acid uptake: in day-to-day metabolism it appears to be more passive than the abdominal depot and it exerts its protective properties by long-term fatty acid storage. Further, a beneficial adipokine profile is associated with gluteofemoral fat. Leptin and adiponectin levels are positively associated with gluteofemoral fat while the level of inflammatory cytokines is negatively associated. Finally, loss of gluteofemoral fat, as observed in Cushing's syndrome and lipodystrophy is associated with an increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. This underlines gluteofemoral fat's role as a determinant of health by the long-term entrapment of excess fatty acids, thus protecting from the adverse effects associated with ectopic fat deposition.</description><subject>631/443/319/1642/393</subject><subject>631/443/319/2723</subject><subject>Abdomen</subject><subject>abdominal fat</subject><subject>Adipocytes</subject><subject>adipokines</subject><subject>Adipokines - metabolism</subject><subject>adiponectin</subject><subject>Adipose tissue</subject><subject>Adipose Tissue - metabolism</subject><subject>Adipose Tissue - physiology</subject><subject>Adipose tissues</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Body Fat Distribution</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Buttocks</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>cytokines</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>glucocorticoids</subject><subject>gluteofemoral body fat</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health Behavior</subject><subject>Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>leptin</subject><subject>Leptin - metabolism</subject><subject>lipid metabolism</subject><subject>lipolysis</subject><subject>literature reviews</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - complications</subject><subject>Obesity - metabolism</subject><subject>obesity-related diseases</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>protective effect</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Public health. 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Here, we review the evidence and possible mechanisms that support a specific protective role of gluteofemoral body fat. Population studies show that an increased gluteofemoral fat mass is independently associated with a protective lipid and glucose profile, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Studies of adipose tissue physiology in vitro and in vivo confirm distinct properties of the gluteofemoral fat depot with regards to lipolysis and fatty acid uptake: in day-to-day metabolism it appears to be more passive than the abdominal depot and it exerts its protective properties by long-term fatty acid storage. Further, a beneficial adipokine profile is associated with gluteofemoral fat. Leptin and adiponectin levels are positively associated with gluteofemoral fat while the level of inflammatory cytokines is negatively associated. Finally, loss of gluteofemoral fat, as observed in Cushing's syndrome and lipodystrophy is associated with an increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. This underlines gluteofemoral fat's role as a determinant of health by the long-term entrapment of excess fatty acids, thus protecting from the adverse effects associated with ectopic fat deposition.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>20065965</pmid><doi>10.1038/ijo.2009.286</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Nature Journals Online |
| subjects | 631/443/319/1642/393 631/443/319/2723 Abdomen abdominal fat Adipocytes adipokines Adipokines - metabolism adiponectin Adipose tissue Adipose Tissue - metabolism Adipose Tissue - physiology Adipose tissues Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Body fat Body Fat Distribution Body mass index Buttocks Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism Cholesterol Complications and side effects cytokines Diabetes Endocrinology Epidemiology Fatty acids Female glucocorticoids gluteofemoral body fat Health aspects Health Behavior Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Health risks High density lipoprotein Humans Insulin Internal Medicine leptin Leptin - metabolism lipid metabolism lipolysis literature reviews Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Metabolism Middle Aged Miscellaneous Mortality Obesity Obesity - complications Obesity - metabolism obesity-related diseases Overweight Physiology Population studies protective effect Public Health Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine review Risk Factors Side effects Thigh Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Womens health |
| title | Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health |
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