Translocation by multi-subunit RNA polymerases

DNA template and RNA/DNA hybrid movement through RNA polymerase (RNAP) is referred to as “translocation”. Because nucleic acid movement is coupled to NTP loading, pyrophosphate release, and conformational changes, the precise ordering of events during bond addition is consequential. Moreover, based...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biochimica et biophysica acta 2010-05, Vol.1799 (5), p.389-401
Main Authors: Kireeva, Maria, Kashlev, Mikhail, Burton, Zachary F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allosteric Regulation
Allostery
Biological Transport, Active
Catalytic Domain
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - chemistry
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism
Elongation
Models, Molecular
NTP-driven translocation
Nucleotides - metabolism
Protein Conformation
Protein Subunits
Pyrophosphate release
RNA polymerase
Thermodynamics
Translocation
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Summary:DNA template and RNA/DNA hybrid movement through RNA polymerase (RNAP) is referred to as “translocation”. Because nucleic acid movement is coupled to NTP loading, pyrophosphate release, and conformational changes, the precise ordering of events during bond addition is consequential. Moreover, based on several lines of experimental evidence, translocation, pyrophosphate release or an associated conformational change may determine the transcription elongation rate. In this review we discuss various models of translocation, the data supporting the hypothesis that translocation rate determines transcription elongation rate and also data that may be inconsistent with this point of view. A model of the nucleotide addition cycle accommodating available experimental data is proposed. On the basis of this model, the molecular mechanisms regulating translocation and potential routes for NTP entry are discussed.
ISSN:1874-9399
0006-3002
1876-4320
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.01.007