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A simple way to make tough ceramics
THE major problem with the use of ceramics as structural materials is their brittleness. One way of overcoming this problem is to introduce weak interfaces which deflect a growing crack 1 . Polymer composites of this sort can be easily prepared by surrounding fibres with liquid plastic. To make simi...
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| Published in: | Nature (London) 1990-10, Vol.347 (6292), p.455-457 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| container_end_page | 457 |
| container_issue | 6292 |
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| creator | Clegg, W. J Kendall, K Alford, N. McN Button, T. W Birchall, J. D |
| description | THE major problem with the use of ceramics as structural materials is their brittleness. One way of overcoming this problem is to introduce weak interfaces which deflect a growing crack
1
. Polymer composites of this sort can be easily prepared by surrounding fibres with liquid plastic. To make similar structures with ceramic matrices and fibres is difficult and expensive, however, because traditional ceramic processing techniques of powder compaction and sintering prevent densification and cause cracking
2–4
. Here we describe a simple, inexpensive way of preparing a ceramic material that contains such weak interfaces. Silicon carbide powder is made into thin sheets which are coated with graphite to give weak interfaces and then pressed together and sintered without pressure. Relative to the monolithic material, the apparent fracture toughness for cracks propagating normal to the weak interfaces is increased more than fourfold, and the work required to break the samples increases by substantially more than a hundredfold. The technique should be readily applicable to other ceramics. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/347455a0 |
| format | article |
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1
. Polymer composites of this sort can be easily prepared by surrounding fibres with liquid plastic. To make similar structures with ceramic matrices and fibres is difficult and expensive, however, because traditional ceramic processing techniques of powder compaction and sintering prevent densification and cause cracking
2–4
. Here we describe a simple, inexpensive way of preparing a ceramic material that contains such weak interfaces. Silicon carbide powder is made into thin sheets which are coated with graphite to give weak interfaces and then pressed together and sintered without pressure. Relative to the monolithic material, the apparent fracture toughness for cracks propagating normal to the weak interfaces is increased more than fourfold, and the work required to break the samples increases by substantially more than a hundredfold. The technique should be readily applicable to other ceramics.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/347455a0</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NATUAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Acetic acid ; Applied sciences ; Aqueous solutions ; Boron ; brittleness ; Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses ; Ceramic industries ; Ceramics ; Chemical industry and chemicals ; Chemistry ; Composite materials ; Cracks ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fracture toughness ; Graphite ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Laminating ; letter ; multidisciplinary ; Polyvinyl alcohol ; Powder ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Silicon ; Silicon carbide ; Structural ceramics ; Technical ceramics ; toughness</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 1990-10, Vol.347 (6292), p.455-457</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 1990</rights><rights>1991 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. Oct 4, 1990</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Oct 4, 1990</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c531t-46524ccaca660ad96e4662780dfc41e146b392f79c3b6e2c741e5e61a986a3af3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c531t-46524ccaca660ad96e4662780dfc41e146b392f79c3b6e2c741e5e61a986a3af3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2726,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19479969$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Clegg, W. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kendall, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alford, N. McN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Button, T. W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Birchall, J. D</creatorcontrib><title>A simple way to make tough ceramics</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>THE major problem with the use of ceramics as structural materials is their brittleness. One way of overcoming this problem is to introduce weak interfaces which deflect a growing crack
1
. Polymer composites of this sort can be easily prepared by surrounding fibres with liquid plastic. To make similar structures with ceramic matrices and fibres is difficult and expensive, however, because traditional ceramic processing techniques of powder compaction and sintering prevent densification and cause cracking
2–4
. Here we describe a simple, inexpensive way of preparing a ceramic material that contains such weak interfaces. Silicon carbide powder is made into thin sheets which are coated with graphite to give weak interfaces and then pressed together and sintered without pressure. Relative to the monolithic material, the apparent fracture toughness for cracks propagating normal to the weak interfaces is increased more than fourfold, and the work required to break the samples increases by substantially more than a hundredfold. The technique should be readily applicable to other ceramics.</description><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Boron</subject><subject>brittleness</subject><subject>Building materials. Ceramics. 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J ; Kendall, K ; Alford, N. McN ; Button, T. W ; Birchall, J. D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c531t-46524ccaca660ad96e4662780dfc41e146b392f79c3b6e2c741e5e61a986a3af3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1990</creationdate><topic>Acetic acid</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Boron</topic><topic>brittleness</topic><topic>Building materials. Ceramics. 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J</au><au>Kendall, K</au><au>Alford, N. McN</au><au>Button, T. W</au><au>Birchall, J. D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A simple way to make tough ceramics</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><date>1990-10-04</date><risdate>1990</risdate><volume>347</volume><issue>6292</issue><spage>455</spage><epage>457</epage><pages>455-457</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><coden>NATUAS</coden><abstract>THE major problem with the use of ceramics as structural materials is their brittleness. One way of overcoming this problem is to introduce weak interfaces which deflect a growing crack
1
. Polymer composites of this sort can be easily prepared by surrounding fibres with liquid plastic. To make similar structures with ceramic matrices and fibres is difficult and expensive, however, because traditional ceramic processing techniques of powder compaction and sintering prevent densification and cause cracking
2–4
. Here we describe a simple, inexpensive way of preparing a ceramic material that contains such weak interfaces. Silicon carbide powder is made into thin sheets which are coated with graphite to give weak interfaces and then pressed together and sintered without pressure. Relative to the monolithic material, the apparent fracture toughness for cracks propagating normal to the weak interfaces is increased more than fourfold, and the work required to break the samples increases by substantially more than a hundredfold. The technique should be readily applicable to other ceramics.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><doi>10.1038/347455a0</doi><tpages>3</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetic acid Applied sciences Aqueous solutions Boron brittleness Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses Ceramic industries Ceramics Chemical industry and chemicals Chemistry Composite materials Cracks Exact sciences and technology Fracture toughness Graphite Humanities and Social Sciences Laminating letter multidisciplinary Polyvinyl alcohol Powder Science Science (multidisciplinary) Silicon Silicon carbide Structural ceramics Technical ceramics toughness |
| title | A simple way to make tough ceramics |
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