Microbial translocation in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Background  Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of HIV infection and has been postulated as major factor in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Recent evidence suggests that activation of immune cells is triggered by microbial translocation through the impaired gastrointestinal barrier. Methods  To determ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical primatology 2010-08, Vol.39 (4), p.243-251
Main Authors: Leinert, C., Stahl-Hennig, C., Ecker, A., Schneider, T., Fuchs, D., Sauermann, U., Sopper, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Animals
Antibodies
Bacterial Translocation
beta Carotene - metabolism
Chronic infection
Cross-Sectional Studies
Data processing
disease progression
Endotoxins
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
immune activation
Immune response
Immunodeficiency
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides - blood
LPS-binding protein
Macaca mulatta
Macrophages
neopterin
Retrospective Studies
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - microbiology
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Translocation
Viral Load
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Summary:Background  Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of HIV infection and has been postulated as major factor in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Recent evidence suggests that activation of immune cells is triggered by microbial translocation through the impaired gastrointestinal barrier. Methods  To determine the association between microbial translocation and disease progression, we have retrospectively analyzed microbial products, viral load and markers of immune activation in a cohort of 37 simian immunodeficiency virus‐infected rhesus monkeys, divided in two groups with distinct disease courses. Results  As seen in HIV‐infected patients, we found elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in infected animals. However, LPS levels or LPS control mechanisms like endotoxin core antibodies or LPS‐binding protein did not differ between groups with different disease progression. In contrast, neopterin, a metabolic product of activated macrophages, was higher in fast progressors than in slow progressors. Conclusion  Our data indicate that translocation of microbial products is not the major driving force of immune activation in HIV infection.
ISSN:0047-2565
1600-0684
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00429.x