Screening for Autologous Blood Transfusions

• Published in: International journal of sports medicine 2009-04, Vol.30 (4), p.285-292
• Main Authors: Mørkeberg, J., Belhage, B., Ashenden, M., Bornø, A., Sharpe, K., Dziegiel, M. H., Damsgaard, R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Preservation - methods; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Doping in Sports - methods; Erythrocytes - metabolism; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hemoglobins - analysis; Hemoglobins - metabolism; Humans; Male; Reticulocytes - metabolism; Substance Abuse Detection - methods; Temperature; Training & Testing; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0172-4622; 1439-3964
• DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1105938

Abstract The ratio between the amount of hemoglobin in the mature erythrocyte population and the reticulocytes (RBCHb:RetHb ratio) has previously been suggested as a marker to screen for EPO-abuse. We speculated that the reinfusion of blood would lead to a marked increase in this ratio, making it a valuable parameter in the screening for autologous blood doping. Three bags of blood (∼201±11 g of Hb) were withdrawn from 16 males and stored at either −80°C (−80 T, n=8) or +4°C (+4 T, n=8) and reinfused 10 weeks or 4 weeks later, respectively. Seven subjects served as controls. Different erythrocyte parameters were measured on a hematological analyzer serially throughout and during a 4 week wash-out period. By using RBCHb:RetHb ratio cut-off limits of 145.7 (1:100) (‘suspicious’) and 182.9 (1:1 000) (‘positive’), 35.4% (−80 T) and 19.6% (+4 T) of all samples obtained during a 4 week wash-out period were identified as ‘suspicious’, and 18.8% (−80 T) and 4.3% (+4 T) as ‘positive’. In total, 7 out of 16 (43.8%) subjects had at least one sample exceeding 182.9. Compared to the currently used indirect parameters, the RBCHb:RetHb ratio is the best indicator of autologous blood doping after reinfusion, and the parameter could be used in a testing setting, once stability validation has been performed.