Efficacy of Purified Influenza Subunit Vaccines and Relation to the Major Antigenic Determinants on the Hemagglutinin Molecule

Inactivated whole-virus vaccine of influenza A/Scotland/74 (H3N2) virus containing 700 or 1,400 chick cell-agglutinating (CCA) units, a purified subunit vaccine of equivalent dosage, or placebo were studied in 186 adult volunteers. Placebo was least reactogenic, 1,4OO-CCA unit whole-virus vaccine wa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 1979-10, Vol.140 (4), p.553-559
Main Authors: Couch, Robert B., Webster, Robert G., Kasel, Julius A., Cate, Thomas R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral
Antibody Specificity
Cross Reactions
Dosage
Epitopes
H3N2 subtype influenza A virus
Hemagglutinins, Viral - immunology
Humans
Infections
Influenza A virus - immunology
Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage
Influenza Vaccines - pharmacology
Influenza, Human - prevention & control
Major Articles
Male
Orthomyxoviridae
Placebos
Subunit vaccines
Vaccination
Viruses
Volunteerism
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Summary:Inactivated whole-virus vaccine of influenza A/Scotland/74 (H3N2) virus containing 700 or 1,400 chick cell-agglutinating (CCA) units, a purified subunit vaccine of equivalent dosage, or placebo were studied in 186 adult volunteers. Placebo was least reactogenic, 1,4OO-CCA unit whole-virus vaccine was most reactogenic, and others were intermediate. Vaccines were equally antigenic, and delineation of antibody specificities revealed antibody cross-reacting with A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) virus in all sera. Antibody specific for A/Hong Kong/68 virus was found in 82% of sera and for A/Scotland/?4 virus in 46%. When compared with volunteers given placebo, volunteers given 700 CCA units of subunit or whole-virus vaccine exhibited significant protection against infection with live A/Scotland/74 virus. Infections in vaccinees occurred only in those with low titers of antibody to A/Scotland/74 virus, and this antibody was of the cross-reacting type. Persons with moderate and high levels of antibody resisted infection regardless of the absence or presence of antibody specific for A/Scotland/?4 virus. Purified subunit vaccines provide an alternative to whole-virus preparations in primed individuals. Efficacy of vaccines may be dependent on the nature of the antibody response.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/140.4.553