Oral cavity neuroendocrine carcinoma: a comparison study with cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma and other mucosal head and neck neuroendocrine carcinomas

• Published in: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics, 2010-08, Vol.110 (2), p.209-217
• Main Authors: Lewis, James S., MD, Duncavage, Eric, MD, Klonowski, Paul W., MD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - analysis; Biological and medical sciences; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell - chemistry; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell - pathology; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell - virology; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine - chemistry; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine - classification; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine - pathology; Dentistry; Dermatology; DNA, Viral - analysis; Head and Neck Neoplasms - chemistry; Head and Neck Neoplasms - classification; Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology; Humans; Keratin-20 - analysis; Medical sciences; Mouth Mucosa - chemistry; Mouth Mucosa - pathology; Mouth Neoplasms - chemistry; Mouth Neoplasms - classification; Mouth Neoplasms - pathology; Neurofilament Proteins - analysis; Nuclear Proteins - analysis; Otorhinolaryngology (head neck, general aspects and miscellaneous); Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Polyomavirus - isolation & purification; Skin Neoplasms - chemistry; Skin Neoplasms - classification; Skin Neoplasms - pathology; Skin Neoplasms - virology; Surgery; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; Trans-Activators - analysis; Transcription Factors - analysis; Tumor Suppressor Proteins - analysis; Tumors; Tumors of the skin and soft tissue. Premalignant lesions; Upper respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands: diseases, semeiology
• ISSN: 1079-2104; 1528-395X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.04.007

Objectives Published cases of oral high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC) variably call the tumors Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) or small-cell/high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. We studied cases of cutaneous MCC and mucosal HGNEC to better distinguish them and to better define oral cases. Study design Twelve cutaneous MCC and 14 mucosal HGNEC cases were identified. We reviewed the hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) morphology and performed immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin 20 (CK20), thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), p63, neurofilament (NF), and achaete-scute homolog 1 (MASH-1). We also performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Results By morphology and immunohistochemistry, MCC and HGNEC showed many differences. CK20, NF, and TTF-1 stains were the most discriminatory. MASH-1 was expressed by both MCC and HGNEC. MCPyV was present in MCC and absent in all HGNEC. The 2 oral cavity mucosal carcinomas segregated into MCC and HGNEC types, the former having the H&E nuclear morphology and classic dot-like perinuclear CK20 staining typically associated with MCC. Conclusions Oral cavity neuroendocrine carcinoma can be segregated into MCC and small-cell/HGNEC types by morphology and CK20 immunohistochemistry. MCPyV was present by PCR in cutaneous MCC but was not found in mucosal HGNEC.