Quasi in situ XPS investigations on intercalation mechanisms in Li-ion battery materials

New concepts for Li-ion batteries are of growing interest for high-performance applications. One aim is the search for new electrode materials with superior properties and their detailed characterization. We demonstrate the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate electro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical & bioanalytical chemistry (Print) 2009-04, Vol.393 (8), p.1871-1877
Main Authors: Oswald, S, Nikolowski, K, Ehrenberg, H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical Chemistry
Battery
Biochemistry
Chambers
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography
Chromium
Cycles
Electrochemical methods
Electrode materials
Exact sciences and technology
Food Science
Interface/surface analysis
Ion chromatography/ion exchange
Laboratory Medicine
Li-ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Original Paper
Other chromatographic methods
Searching
Spectrometric and optical methods
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Summary:New concepts for Li-ion batteries are of growing interest for high-performance applications. One aim is the search for new electrode materials with superior properties and their detailed characterization. We demonstrate the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate electrode materials (LiCoO₂, LiCrMnO₄) during electrochemical cycling. The optimization of a “quasi in situ” analysis, by transferring the samples with a transport chamber from the glove box to the XPS chamber, and the reliability of the experiments performed are shown. The behavior of characteristic chemical species at the electrodes and the changes in oxidation states of LiCrMnO₄ during cycling is discussed. The formation of Cr⁶⁺ is suspected as a possible reason for irreversible capacity loss during charging up to complete Li deintercalation (approximately 5.2 V). [graphic removed]
ISSN:1618-2642
1618-2650
DOI:10.1007/s00216-008-2520-z