Analysis of host plant resistance to multiple Fusarium species associated with stalk rot disease in sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

• Published in: Field crops research 2010-08, Vol.118 (2), p.177-182
• Main Authors: Tesso, Tesfaye T., Ochanda, Newton, Little, Christopher R., Claflin, Larry, Tuinstra, Mitchell R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: disease resistance; disease severity; field experimentation; flowering; Fusarium; Fusarium proliferatum; general combining ability; General combining ability (GCA); genetic resistance; genetic variation; genotype; grain sorghum; host plants; inbred lines; plant pathogenic fungi; plant rots; signs and symptoms (plants); Sorghum; Sorghum bicolor; species differences; Specific combining ability (SCA); Stalk rot; Virulence
• ISSN: 0378-4290; 1872-6852
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.05.010

Fusarium spp. is among the largest and most important pathogen groups that attack major grain crops including sorghum. The objectives of this study were to compare the virulence of Fusarium spp. associated with sorghum and examine the mode of resistance of genotypes to the disease. Eight Fusarium species – F. verticillioides, F. thapsinum, F. andiyazi, F. proliferatum, F. nyagamai, F. pseudoanthophilum, F. brevicatenulatum, and F. pseudonygamai – were studied using three sorghum genotypes under greenhouse condition. Three of these pathogens ( F. verticillioides, F. thapsinum, and F. andiyazi) were selected for genetic analysis of resistance under field conditions. Sorghum genotypes with contrasting stalk rot reactions were selected for use in both the greenhouse and field experiments. Two weeks after flowering, plants were inoculated with liquid inoculum culture (5 × 10 4 conidia ml −1) of the different pathogens. Plants were harvested 4 weeks after inoculation and rated for disease severity on the basis of lesion length and number of nodes crossed by the lesion. Among the pathogens, F. thapsinum resulted in consistently higher disease scores in all genotypes under all environments. Likewise, genotype SC599 showed the greatest and most stable resistance as inbred as well as in hybrid combinations as shown by consistently high GCA for resistance to all pathogen species. We recommend that future screening exercises for Fusarium stalk rot resistance utilize F. thapsinum as the causal organism and include the resistant genotype SC599 as a control.